Khanate of Quqon
| Khanate of Kokand | ||||||||||
| خانات خوقند Qo'qon Xonligi |
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 Flag of Kokand
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 The Khanate of Kokand (green), c. 1850.
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| Capital | Kokand | |||||||||
| Languages |
Uzbek (official) Persian (local court, literature) |
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| Religion | Sunni Islam | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Khan | ||||||||||
| • | 1709–1721 | Shahrukh Biy | ||||||||
| • | 1875–1883 | Nasr ad-Din Abdul Karin Khan | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | 1709 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 1883 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kazakhstan
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The Khanate of Kokand (Uzbek: Qo‘qon Xonligi, Қўқон Хонлиги, قۇقان خانلىگى; Kyrgyz: Кокон хандыгы, Qoqon xandığı/Kokon handygy, قوقون حاندىعى; Persian: خانات خوقند, Xānigari-i Xuqand / Xānāt-i Xuqand) was a Central Asian state in Fergana Valley that existed from 1709–1876 within the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan, eastern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and southeastern Kazakhstan. The name of the city and the khanate may also be spelled as Khoqand in modern scholarly literature.
The Khanate of Kokand was established in 1709 when the Shaybanid emir Shahrukh, of the Ming Tribe of Uzbeks, declared independence from the Khanate of Bukhara, establishing a state in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley. He built a citadel as his capital in the small town of Kokand, thus starting the Khanate of Kokand. His son, Abd al-Karim, and grandson, Narbuta Biy, enlarged the citadel, but both were forced to submit as a protectorate, and pay tribute to, the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798.
Narbuta Biy’s son Alim was both ruthless and efficient. He hired a mercenary army of Tajik highlanders, and conquered the western half of the Fergana Valley, including Khujand and Tashkent. He was assassinated by his brother Umar in 1810. Umar’s son, Mohammed Ali (Madali Khan), ascended to the throne in 1821 at the age of 12. During his reign, the Khanate of Kokand reached its greatest territorial extent. The Kokand Khanate also housed the Khojas of Kashgar like Jahangir Khoja. In 1841, the British officer Captain Arthur Conolly failed to persuade the various khanates to put aside their differences, in an attempt to counter the growing penetration of the Russian Empire into the area. In November 1841, he left Kokand for Bukhara in an ill-fated attempt to rescue fellow officer Colonel Charles Stoddart, and both were executed on 24 June 1842 by the order of Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara.
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Wikipedia