Jahangir Khoja

Jahanghir Khoja,Jāhangīr Khwāja, or Jihangir Khoja (Uyghur: جهانگیر خوجا‎ , جهانگير خوجة , Chinese: 張格爾; pinyin: Zhānggé'ěr; 1788 – 1828) was a member of the influential East Turkestan Afaqi khoja clan, who managed to wrest Kashgaria from the Qing Empire's power for a few years in the 1820s.

Burhan ad-Din, a Khoja of the White Mountain faction, was the grandfather of Jahangir. Before rebellion broke out in May 1826 and during a fortuitously timed earthquake that destroyed most towns in the Ferghana Valley, Jahangir Khoja managed to flee to Kashgar from Kokand where he had been held in prison in accordance with a secret agreement concluded between the Khanate of Kokand and Qing dynasty China concerning descendants of Appak khoja. Among Jahangir's followers were Kirghiz, Tajiks, and White Mountain fighters. After appearing in Kashgar with only several hundred of his followers, he quickly increased his force with volunteers, and within several months had collected about 200,000 troops under his banner. With these he overthrew Qing power in Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan, and Yangihissar, having Qing garrisons annihilated in these cities. This led to an increase in slavery in China due to Jahangir enslaving captives. His forces captured several hundred Chinese Muslims (Dungan or Hui) who were taken to Kokand. Tajiks bought two Chinese slaves from Shaanxi that they enslaved for a year before Tajik Beg Ku-bu-te returned them to China. All Chinese captured, both merchants and the 300 soldiers Janhangir captured in Kashgar had their queues cut off when brought to Kokand and Central Asia as prisoners. It was reported that many of the Chinese Muslim merchant captives became slaves with accounts of Chinese Muslim slavery in Central Asia increasing. The queues were removed from Chinese Muslim prisoners and then sold or given to various owners, one of them, Nian, ended up as a slave to Prince Batur Khan of Bukhara, Omar Khan ended up possessing Liu Qifeng and Wu Erqi. The others, Zhu, Tian Li, and Ma Tianxi ended up with various owners but plotted an escape. The Russians record an incident where they rescued the Chinese Muslim merchants who had escaped after they were sold by Jahangir's Army in Central Asia and sent them back to China.

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