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Karlis Ulmanis

Kārlis Ulmanis
Karlis Ulmanis.jpg
Prime Minister of Latvia
In office
November 19, 1918 – June 18, 1921
President Jānis Čakste
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics
In office
December 24, 1925 – May 6, 1926
President Jānis Čakste
Preceded by Hugo Celmiņš
Succeeded by Arturs Alberings
In office
March 27, 1931 – December 5, 1931
President Alberts Kviesis
Preceded by Hugo Celmiņš
Succeeded by Marģers Skujenieks
In office
March 17, 1934 – June 17, 1940
President Alberts Kviesis
Himself
Preceded by Ādolfs Bļodnieks
Succeeded by Augusts Kirhenšteins
4th President of Latvia*
In office
April 11, 1936 – July 21, 1940
Prime Minister Himself
Augusts Kirhenšteins
Preceded by Alberts Kviesis
Succeeded by Augusts Kirhenšteins as Prime minister
Foreign Minister of Latvia
In office
May 4, 1926 – December 17, 1926
Prime Minister Arturs Alberings
Preceded by Hermanis Albats (Acting)
Succeeded by Felikss Cielēns
In office
March 24, 1931 – December 4, 1931
Prime Minister Himself
Preceded by Hugo Celmiņš
Succeeded by Kārlis Zariņš
In office
March 17, 1934 – April 17, 1936
Prime Minister Himself
Preceded by Voldemārs Salnais
Succeeded by Vilhelms Munters
Personal details
Born (1877-09-04)September 4, 1877
Bērze, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire
(now Latvia)
Died September 20, 1942(1942-09-20) (aged 65)
Krasnovodsk, Soviet Union
(now Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan)
Nationality Latvian
Political party Latvian Farmers' Union (1917–1934)
Alma mater University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Signature
*Self-proclaimed

Kārlis Augusts Vilhelms Ulmanis (September 4, 1877 in Bērze, Bērze Parish, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire – September 20, 1942 in Krasnovodsk prison, Soviet Union, now Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan) was one of the most prominent Latvian politicians of pre-World War II Latvia during the interwar period of independence from November 1918 to June 1940. The legacy of his dictatorship still divides public opinion in Latvia.

Born in a prosperous farming family, Ulmanis studied agriculture at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and at Leipzig University. He then worked in Latvia as a writer, lecturer, and manager in agricultural positions. He was politically active during the 1905 Revolution, was briefly imprisoned in Pskov, and subsequently fled Latvia to avoid incarceration by the Russian authorities. During this period of exile, Ulmanis studied at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the United States, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture. After working briefly at that university as a lecturer, Ulmanis moved to Houston, Texas, where he had purchased a dairy business.

Ulmanis returned to Latvia from American exile in 1913, after being informed that it was now safe for political exiles to return due to the declaration of a general amnesty by Nicholas II of Russia. This safety was short-lived as World War I broke out one year later and Courland Governorate was partially occupied by Germany in 1915.


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