Judæo-Romance languages

Judaeo-Romance languages are Jewish languages derived from Romance languages, spoken by various Jewish communities (and their descendants) originating in regions where Romance languages predominate, and altered to such an extent to gain recognition as languages in their own right.

Catalanic, Qatalanit, or Judaeo-Catalan was a social Catalan dialect spoken in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands before the 1492 expulsion. There is no information about when these Jews abandoned the language after this date.

Judaeo-Italian varieties (sometimes referred to as Italkian, a term coined by Solomon Birnbaum in 1942) are today spoken fluently by fewer than 200 people. These speakers represent the last remnant of the widely variant Judeo-Italian dialects spoken throughout Italy, Corfu, and along the eastern shores of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas.

Judaeo-Piedmontese was a language spoken in Piedmont, in North Western Italy, from about the 16th century until World War II. It was based on Piedmontese, a Gallo-Italic language close to Provençal, with many loanwords from classical Hebrew. Italian author Primo Levi, born within the Piedmontese Jewish community, described the language briefly in the opening chapter of his book The Periodic Table.

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