José Sarney
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His Excellency José Sarney |
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|---|---|
 |
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| 31st President of Brazil | |
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In office 15 March 1985 – 15 March 1990 |
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| Vice President | None |
| Preceded by | João Figueiredo |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Collor de Mello |
| 20th Vice President of Brazil | |
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In office 15 March 1985 – 21 April 1985 |
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| President | Tancredo Neves |
| Preceded by | Aureliano Chaves |
| Succeeded by | Itamar Franco |
| President of the Federal Senate | |
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In office 2 February 2009 – 1 February 2013 |
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| Preceded by | Garibaldi Alves Filho |
| Succeeded by | Renan Calheiros |
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In office 1 February 2003 – 14 February 2005 |
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| Preceded by | Ramez Tebet |
| Succeeded by | Renan Calheiros |
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In office 2 February 1995 – 4 February 1997 |
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| Preceded by | Humberto Lucena |
| Succeeded by | Antônio Carlos Magalhães |
| Senator for Amapá | |
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In office 1 February 1991 – 1 February 2015 |
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| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Davi Alcomlumbre |
| Senator for Maranhão | |
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In office 1 February 1971 – 15 March 1985 |
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| Preceded by | Vitorino de Brito Freire |
| Succeeded by | Américo de Souza |
| Governor of Maranhão | |
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In office 31 January 1966 – 14 May 1970 |
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| Lieutenant | Antônio Jorge Dino |
| Preceded by | Newton de Barros Belo |
| Succeeded by | Antônio Jorge Dino |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
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In office 1 February 1955 – 17 December 1965 |
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| Constituency | Maranhão |
| 6th Academic of the 38th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters | |
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Assumed office 6 November 1980 |
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| Preceded by | José Américo de Almeida |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
José Ribamar Elias Nascimento Ferreira de Araújo Costa April 24, 1930 Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil |
| Political party |
National Democratic Union (1955–1965) National Renewal Alliance (1965–1979) Democratic Social Party (1979–1985) Liberal Front Party (1985) Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (1985–present) |
| Spouse(s) | Marly Macieira (1952–present) |
| Children |
Roseana Sarney Fernando Sarney José Sarney Filho |
| Alma mater | Federal University of Maranhão |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Signature |  |
José Sarney de Araújo Costa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ saʁˈnej dʒi aɾaˈuʒu ˈkɔstɐ]; born 24 April 1930 as José Ribamar Ferreira de Araújo Costa) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and writer who served as 31st President of Brazil from 15 March 1985 to 15 March 1990. He is the oldest living former President, and, as of the death of João Figueiredo in 1999, the only living former President not to have been elected by direct vote.
Sarney ascended in the politics of his home state of Maranhão as part of the "Bossa Nova Generation" of UDN politicians in the 1950s, young idealists seeking to reorganize public administration and rid the government of corruption and old deleterious practices. During the Brazilian military dictatorship, which imposed a two-party system, Sarney affiliated himself with the government party, ARENA, becoming the president of the party in 1979. As the regime fell, however, ARENA split over the appointment of Paulo Maluf as Presidential candidate. Sarney joined the dissenters, being instrumental in the creation of the Liberal Front Party. He agreed to run for Vice-President on the ticket of Tancredo Neves, of PMDB, formerly the opposition party to the military government. Neves won the Presidential elections, but fell ill and died before taking office, and Sarney became President. He started out his term with great popularity, but public opinion shifted with the Brazilian debt crisis and the failure of Plano Cruzado to abate chronic inflation.
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