John N. Garner
| John Nance Garner | |
|---|---|
 |
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| 32nd Vice President of the United States | |
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In office March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941 |
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| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Charles Curtis |
| Succeeded by | Henry A. Wallace |
| 39th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives | |
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In office December 7, 1931 – March 4, 1933 |
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| President | Herbert Hoover |
| Preceded by | Nicholas Longworth |
| Succeeded by | Henry T. Rainey |
| House Minority Leader | |
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In office March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1931 |
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| Deputy | William Allan Oldfield |
| Preceded by | Finis Garrett |
| Succeeded by | Bertrand Snell |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 15th district |
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In office March 4, 1903 – March 4, 1933 |
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| Preceded by | Position Established |
| Succeeded by | Milton H. West |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
John Nance Garner IV November 22, 1868 Detroit, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | November 7, 1967 (aged 98) Uvalde, Texas, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Mariette Rheiner Garner |
| Children | Tully Charles Garner (1896—1968) |
| Alma mater | Vanderbilt University – dropped out |
| Religion | Methodist |
| Signature |  |
John Nance Garner IV, known among his contemporaries as "Cactus Jack" (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967), was an American Democratic politician and lawyer from Texas. He was a Texas state representative from 1898 to 1902, and U.S. Representative from 1903 to 1933. He was the 39th Speaker of the House from 1931 to 1933. In 1932 and 1936 he was elected the 32nd Vice President of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1941. A conservative Southerner, Garner opposed the sit-down strikes of the labor unions and the New Deal's deficit spending. He broke with President Franklin D. Roosevelt in early 1937 over the issue of enlarging the Supreme Court, and helped defeat it on the grounds that it centralized too much power in the President's hands.
Garner was born in the village of Detroit in Red River County in northeastern Texas, to John Nance Garner III and his wife, the former Sarah Jane Guest. Garner's home place still stands today, approximately two blocks from the tiny town's center. Garner attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, for one semester before dropping out and returning home. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He eventually studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice in Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas.
In 1893, Garner entered politics, running for county judge of Uvalde County. (Although the county judge in Texas is now primarily the chief administrative officer of a county, comparable to the mayor of a city, the office is a judicial position, and the county judge sits in small civil cases, misdemeanor criminal cases, and probate cases.) At that time, Democrats entirely dominated politics in Texas, and the Democratic nomination for an office was tantamount to election. Thus the Democratic primary election was the real election, with the general election being a formality.
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