Jewish revolt against Gallus

Jewish revolt against Gallus or Fourth Judean-Roman War
Date 351–352 Location Syria Palaestina province Result Decisive Roman victory, destruction of several cities
Belligerents
Roman Empire	Jews of Palestine
Commanders and leaders
Ursicinus	Isaac of Diocesarea Patricius
Casualties and losses
Minimal	Several thousand rebels killed

or

In 351–352 the Jews of Roman Palaestina revolted against the rule of Constantius Gallus, brother-in-law of Emperor Constantius II and Caesar of the Eastern Roman Empire. The revolt was crushed by Gallus' general Ursicinus.

The emperor Constantius II, like his father Constantine the Great before him, showed a preference for the Christian religion, which he favored over all others, including Judaism. Unlike his father, however, Constantius allowed Christians to persecute the pagans and the Jews. Some Christian clergy practiced intolerance toward non-Christians, both through the secular arm and in directing angry crowds, which attacked and destroyed synagogues and temples.

Eventually, the Jews reacted, opposing Christian proselytism and showing intolerance toward Jewish Christians. Fiery sermons preached in synagogues against Edom were in fact directed against those Romans who, after removing the Jews' political independence, were now repressing their religion.

In 350, Emperor Constantius II was engaged in a campaign in the East against the Sassanids. He was however forced to return to the West to counter the usurpation of Magnentius, who had murdered Constantius' brother and colleague, Constans. Constantius therefore appointed his cousin Gallus Caesar of the East, on March 15, 351 at Sirmium. Gallus arrived at Antioch, his capital, on May 7 of that same year. During the period between the passage of Constantius in the West and the arrival of Gallus in the East, or immediately after the arrival of the Caesar in Antioch, the Jews revolted in Palestine.

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