Edom

Kingdom of Edom
Monarchy
c. 13th century BC–c. 125 BC
The region around 830 BC, with Edom in yellow.
Capital		Not specified
Political structure		Monarchy
History
•	Established	c. 13th century BC
•	Conquered by the Hasmonean dynasty	c. 125 BC

Edom (/ˈiːdəm/ or /ˈiː.dʌm/;Hebrew: , Modern Edom, Tiberian ʼĔḏôm; , lit.: "red"; Assyrian: Udumi; Syriac: ܐܕܘܡ) is the name of a country and a people located initially in Transjordan, between Ammon to the north, the Dead Sea and the Arabah to the west, and the Arabian desert to the south and east.

Edom and Idumea are two related but distinct terms relating to a historically contiguous population, but two separate, if adjacent, territories occupied at different periods of their history by the Edomites/Idumeans. The Edomites first established a kingdom ("Edom") in the southern area of modern Jordan, and later migrated into southern parts of the Kingdom of Judah ("Idumea", or modern southern Israel/Negev) when Judah was first weakened, then destroyed by the Babylonians in the 6th century BC.