James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII, the monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife Mary of Modena. His Catholic father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 only months after his birth, and his Protestant older half-sister, Mary II and her husband William III of Orange became king and queen. The Bill of Rights 1689 and Act of Succession 1701 excluded Catholics from the British throne, and James was raised in exile.

After his father's death in 1701, James claimed the English, Scottish and Irish thrones as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland, in which he was supported by his Jacobite followers and his cousin Louis XIV of France. In 1715, he unsuccessfully attempted to gain power in Britain during the Jacobite Rising of 1715.

Following his death in 1766, his oldest son Charles Edward Stuart continued to make these claims pursuant to the Jacobite Succession.

Prince James Francis Edward was born 10 June 1688, at St. James's Palace. He was the son of King James II of England and Ireland (VII of Scotland), and his Roman Catholic second wife, Mary of Modena, and as such was automatically Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay, among other titles.

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