Jacobitism

Jacobite movement
Irish: Seacaibíteachas, Na Séamusaigh Scottish Gaelic: Na Seumasaich Participant in Glorious Revolution (1688–1689) Jacobite risings (1689–1759)
Representation of The Jacobite 1745 flag.
Active	1688–1780s
Ideology	Stuart's loyalism Divine right of kings Social contract
Leaders	James VII of Scotland and II of England (1688–1701) James Francis Edward Stuart ("Old Pretender") (1701–1766) Charles Edward Stuart ("Young Pretender") (1766–1788) Henry Benedict Stuart ("Cardinal Duke of York") (1788–1807)
Headquarters	Several headquarters: France Ireland Scotland
Area of operations	Great Britain
Strength	In 1745: c. 12,000 French soldiers 4,000 Highlanders c. 700 Irish volunteers
Allies	Kingdom of France
Opponents	House of Hanover

Several headquarters:

In 1745:

Jacobitism (/ˈdʒækəbaɪˌtɪzm/ JAK-ə-beye-TIZ-əm;Scottish Gaelic: Seumasachas [ˈʃeːməs̪əxəs̪], Irish: Seacaibíteachas, Séamusachas) was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James VII of Scotland, II of England and Ireland, and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. The movement took its name from Jacobus, the Renaissance Latin form of Iacomus, the original Latin form of James. Adherents rebelled against the British government on several occasions between 1688 and 1746.

After James II was deposed in 1688 and replaced by his daughter Mary II, ruling jointly with her husband and first cousin (James's nephew) William III, the Stuarts lived in exile, occasionally attempting to regain the throne. The strongholds of Jacobitism were parts of the Scottish Highlands and the lowland north-east of Scotland, Ireland, and parts of Northern England (mostly within the counties of Northumberland and Lancashire). Significant support also existed in Wales and South-West England.