Northern England
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Northern England North of England |
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|---|---|
| Nickname(s): The North, North Country | |
 The three Northern England regions shown within England, without regional boundaries. |
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| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | England |
| Largest settlements | |
| Area | |
| • Total | 14,414 sq mi (37,331 km2) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 14,933,000 |
| Time zone | GMT (UTC) |
| • Summer (DST) | BST (UTC+1) |
Northern England, or North of England, also known as the North or the North Country, is the northern part of England and one the country's three principal cultural areas, along with the Midlands and Southern England. The area roughly spans from the River Trent and River Dee to the Scottish border in the north, although precise definitions of its southern extent vary. Northern England roughly comprises three statistical regions: the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. These have a combined population of around 14.9 million as of the 2011 Census and an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi). Northern England includes much of England's national parkland, including the Lake District and the Yorkshire Dales, but also includes large areas of urbanisation, including the conurbations of Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Teesside, Tyneside and West Yorkshire.
During antiquity most of the area was part of Brigantia — homeland of the Brigantes and the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain. After the Roman conquest of Britain the city of York became capital of the area, called Britannia Inferior then Britannia Secunda. In Sub-Roman Britain new Brythonic kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd ("Old North") emerged. The Angle settlers created Bernicia and Deira from which came The Kingdom of Northumbria and a Golden Age in cultural, scholarly and monastic activity, centred on Lindisfarne and aided by Irish monks.Norse and Gaelic Viking raiders gained control of much of the area, creating the Danelaw. During this time there were close relations with Mann and the Isles, Dublin and Norway. Northumbria was unified with the rest of England under Eadred around 952.
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