Jahriyya
| Jahriyya | |||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 哲赫林耶 | ||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 哲合忍耶 | ||||||||||
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| Arabic name | |||||||||||
| Arabic | جهرية | ||||||||||
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhéhèlínyē |
| other Mandarin | |
| Xiao'erjing | جْحْلٍاِئ |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhéhérěnyē |
| other Mandarin | |
| Xiao'erjing | جْحْژٍاِئ |
Jahriyya (also spelled Jahrīya or Jahriyah) is a menhuan (Sufi order) in China. Founded in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin, it has been active in the late 18th and 19th centuries in the then Gansu Province (also including today's Qinghai and Ningxia), when its followers participated in a number of conflicts with other Muslim groups and in several rebellions against the China's ruling Qing Dynasty.
The name comes from the Arabic word jahr (جهر), referring to their practise of vocal performance of the dhikr. This contrasted with the more typical Naqshbandi (نقشبندية) 納克什班迪 practise, observed by the Khufiyya (خفيه) 虎夫耶, of performing it silently.
The Jahriya order was founded by the Gansu Chinese-speaking Muslim scholar Ma Mingxin soon after his return to China in 1761, after 16 years of studying in Mecca and Yemen. He had studied there under a Naqshbandi Sufi teacher named 'Abd al-Khāliq (known to the Chinese Muslims as "Abu Duha Halik"), who was a son of az-Zayn b. Muhammad 'Abd al-Baqī al-Mizjaji (1643/44-1725), originally of Mizjaja near Zabīd, Yemen. Az-Zayn, in his turn, had studied in Medina under the famous Kurdish mystic Ibrahīm ibn Hasan al-Kūrānī (1616–1690), who was known for advocating the vocal (rather than silent) dhikr (invocation of the name of God).
Ma Mingxin's Jahriyya menhuan (order) was the second Naqshbandi order in China after Ma Laichi's Khufiyya. In opposition to the "silent" Khufiyya Sufis, and following al-Kurani's teaching, Jahriyya adherents advocated vocal dhikr, which is reflected in the name of their school (from Arabic jahr, "aloud"). Ma Mingxin also opposed the emphasis that the Khufiyya members placed of the veneration of the saints, construction of grandiose elaborately decorated mosques, and the enrichment of religious leaders at the expense of their adherents.
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