Jabal Shammar
| Emirate of Jabal Shammar | ||||||||||||||||
| إمارة جبل شمر | ||||||||||||||||
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| Capital | Ha'il | |||||||||||||||
| Languages | Arabic Ottoman Turkish |
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| Religion | Islam | |||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||||
| Emir | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1836–1848 | Abdullah I bin Rashīd first | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1921 | Muhammad II bin Talāl last | ||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||
| • | bin Rashīd coup | 1836 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Saudi conquest | 2 November 1921 | ||||||||||||||
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The Emirate of Jabal Shammar (Arabic: إمارة جبل شمر), also known as the Emirate of Haʾil (إمارة حائل) or the Emirate of The House of Rashīd (إمارة آل رشيد), was a state in the Nejd region of Arabia, existing from the mid-nineteenth century to 1921. Jabal Shammar in English is translated as the "Mountain of the Shammar". Jabal Shammar's capital was Ha'il. It was led by a monarchy of the House of Rashīd. It includes parts of modern day Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Jordan.
The Emirate of Jabal Shammar was established in 1836 and throughout most of its existence was in feud with the House of Saud over control of Nejd. The Rashīdis, rulers of Jabal Shammar, had succeeded in ousting the Saudis from Riyadh in 1891 following the Battle of Mulayda. This resulted in the abolition of the Second Saudi State, the Emirate of Nejd, and incorporation of its territory into Jabal Shammar.
As the Saudis were out of the picture, exiled in Kuwait, the House of Rashīd sought friendly ties with the Ottoman Empire to its north. This alliance became less and less profitable during the course of the 19th century as the Ottomans lost influence and legitimacy.
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