J. R. Clynes
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The Right Honourable John Robert Clynes |
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| Home Secretary | |
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In office 8 June 1929 – 26 August 1931 |
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| Prime Minister | Ramsay MacDonald |
| Preceded by | Sir William Joynson-Hicks |
| Succeeded by | Sir Herbert Samuel |
| Lord Privy Seal | |
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In office 22 January 1924 – 6 November 1924 |
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| Prime Minister | Ramsay MacDonald |
| Preceded by | Robert Cecil |
| Succeeded by | James Gascoyne-Cecil |
| Deputy Leader of the Labour Party | |
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In office 21 November 1922 – 25 October 1932 |
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| Leader |
Ramsay MacDonald Arthur Henderson |
| Preceded by | Office Created |
| Succeeded by | Clement Attlee |
| Leader of the Labour Party | |
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In office 14 February 1921 – 21 November 1922 |
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| Chief Whip | Arthur Henderson |
| Preceded by | William Adamson |
| Succeeded by | Ramsay MacDonald |
| Minister of Food Control | |
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In office 9 July 1918 – 10 January 1919 |
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| Prime Minister | David Lloyd George |
| Preceded by | David Alfred Thomas |
| Succeeded by | George Henry Roberts |
| Parliamentary Secretary of the Ministry of Food Control | |
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In office 2 July 1917 – 9 July 1918 |
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| Prime Minister | David Lloyd George |
| Preceded by | Charles Bathurst |
| Succeeded by | Waldorf Astor |
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Member of Parliament for Manchester Platting Manchester North East (1906–1918) |
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In office 14 November 1935 – 5 July 1945 |
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| Preceded by | Alan Chorlton |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Delargy |
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In office 8 February 1906 – 27 October 1931 |
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| Preceded by | James Fergusson |
| Succeeded by | Alan Chorlton |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 27 March 1869 Oldham, Lancashire, England |
| Died | 23 October 1949 (aged 80) London, England |
| Political party | Labour |
John Robert Clynes PC (27 March 1869 – 23 October 1949) was a British trade unionist and Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for 35 years, and as Leader of the Labour Party (from 14 February 1921 to 21 November 1922), led the party in its breakthrough at the 1922 general election. He was the first Englishman to serve as leader of the Labour Party.
The son of a labourer named Patrick Clynes, he was born in Oldham, Lancashire, and began work in a local cotton mill when he was 10 years old. At the age of 16, he wrote a series of articles about child labour in the textile industry, and a year later he helped form the Piercers' Union. He was mainly self-educated, although he went to night school after his day's work in the mill. His first book was a dictionary and then, by careful saving of coppers, he bought a Bible, Shakespeare's plays, and Bacon's essays. Later in life, he would amaze colleagues in meetings and in parliamentary debates by quoting verbatim from the Bible, Shakespeare, Milton and Ruskin. He married Mary Elizabeth Harper, a mill worker, in 1893.
In 1892, Clynes became an organiser for the Lancashire Gasworkers' Union and came in contact with the Fabian Society. Having joined the Independent Labour Party, he attended the 1900 conference where the Labour Representation Committee was formed; this committee soon afterwards became the Labour Party.
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