Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński
| General Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński |
|
|---|---|
Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński
|
|
| Born |
November 27, 1890 Kraków |
| Died | September 22, 1939 (aged 48) Sopoćkinie |
| Allegiance |
 Austria-Hungary Poland
|
| Years of service | 1914-1918 (Austria-Hungary) 1918-1939 (Poland) |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars |
World War I Polish-Soviet War World War II |
Józef Konstanty Olszyna-Wilczyński [ˈjuzɛf ɔlˈʂɨnavilˌt͡ʃɨɲski] (27 November 1890 – 22 September 1939) was a Polish general and one of the high-ranking commanders of the Polish Army. A veteran of World War I, Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War, he was executed by the Soviets during the Invasion of Poland of 1939.
Józef Wilczyński was born November 27, 1890 in Kraków (Cracow). In 1910 he graduated from the St. Anne's gymnasium in Kraków in Austro-Hungarian Galicia and started his studies at the architectural department of the Lwów University of Science and Technology. During his studies, between 1912 and 1913 he also received military training in Kraków and Lwów, after which he joined the Drużyny Strzeleckie, where he also worked as a tutor of infantry tactics. About that time he adopted the Olszyna nom de guerre, which later became part of his surname.
After the outbreak of the Great War he was mobilized to the Austro-Hungarian Army in the role of a platoon commanding officer, but on August 6, 1914 he was allowed to join the Polish Legions.
He served with distinction in the rank of Second Lieutenant and then First Lieutenant in most of the battles of the 1st Brigade of the Polish Legions. Initially a company commander in the 1st Regiment, in 1915 he was promoted to the rank of Captain and became a battalion commander within the 5th Regiment. After the Oath Crisis of 1917, as an Austro-Hungarian citizen, Olszyna-Wilczyński was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army and dispatched to the Italian Front, along with many of his colleagues. He commanded infantry platoons within 50th, 62nd and 59th platoons, after which he was transferred to Ukraine as a commander of the 3rd battalion of the 16th Regiment. There, he organized a cell of the Polish Military Organization.
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