Internal conflict in Burma

Internal conflict in Myanmar

Conflict zones in Myanmar.png

Map of conflict zones in Myanmar (Burma). States and regions affected by fighting during and after 1995 are highlighted in yellow.

Date	2 April 1948 – present (69 years, 2 weeks and 6 days)
Location	Myanmar (Burma)
Status	Ongoing Insurgency since 1948, shortly after Myanmar gained independence from the United Kingdom Major ethnic conflicts in Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Rakhine, and Shan State In 2011, the ruling military junta concedes official rule over Myanmar Numerous ceasefires and peace agreements signed by various groups following political reforms by the government Ongoing sporadic violence between government forces and insurgent groups
Territorial changes	Autonomous self-administered zones created for ethnic minorities in 2010.

Belligerents

Tatmadaw

Supported by:
China

Former combatants:

Union of Burma (1948–1962)
- AFPFL
Military governments (1962–2011)
- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988)
- Union of Myanmar (1988–2011)
DKBA (1994–2010)

Insurgent groups:
ABSDF (since 1988)
Arakan Army (since 2009)
ARSA (since 2016)
DKBA-5 (since 2010)
KIO (since 1961)

KIA

KNU (since 1949)

KNLA

Karenni Army (since 1949)
MNLA (since 1958)
MNDAA (since 1989)
NDAA (since 1989)
SSA-N (since 1971)
SSA-S (since 1996)
TNLA (since 1992)
UWSP (since 1989)

UWSA

...and others

Former combatants:

CPB (1948–1988)
RFCP (1948–1978)
Mujahideen (1948–1960s)
PNA (1949–1991)
SSA (1964–1976)
WNA (1974–1997)
MTA (1985–1996)
SSNA (1995–2005)
God's Army (1997–2006)
VBSW (1999–2013)
...and others
Formerly supported by:
Thailand (1948–1995)
China (1968–1988; alleged)
Taiwan (1950–1961)
United States (1951–1953)

Commanders and leaders

Htin Kyaw
(President of Myanmar)
Aung San Suu Kyi
(State Counsellor of Myanmar)
Sein Win
(Minister of Defence)
Min Aung Hlaing
(Commander-in-Chief)
Soe Win
(Deputy Commander-in-Chief)

Former commanders:

Sao Shwe Thaik (1948–1952)
U Nu (1948–1962)
Ba U (1952–1957)
Win Maung (1957–1962)
Ne Win (1962–1981)
San Yu (1981–1988)
Saw Maung (1988–1992)
Than Shwe (1992–2011)
Wai Lwin (2011–2015)
Thein Sein (2011–2016)

Twan Mrat Naing
Saw Mo Shay
Naw Zipporah Sein
Saw Mutu Say Poe
Pheung Kya-shin
Yang Mao-liang
Tar Aik Bong
Tar Bone Kyaw
Bao Youxiang
Wei Hsueh-kang

Former commanders:

Thein Pe Myint (1948–52)
Thakin Soe (POW) (1948–70)
Saw Ba U Gyi † (1949–1950)
Thakin Than Tun † (1952–68)
Lo Hsing Han (POW) (1967–1973)
Bo Mya (1976–2000)
Khun Sa (1985–1996)
Bo Nat Khann Mway (1994–2016)
Yawd Serk (1996–2014)
Johnny and Luther Htoo (1997–2006)
Pado Phan (2000–2008)

Units involved

Local armed insurgents
Foreign volunteers

Strength

492,000

Previous totals:

43,000 (1951)
289,000 (1995)

600–1,000
1,500–2,000+
Wikipedia

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