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Indium trichloride

Indium(III) chloride
Indium(III) chloride
Names
Other names
Indium chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.027
PubChem CID
UNII
Properties
InCl3
Molar mass 221.18 g/mol
Appearance white flakes
Density 3.46 g/cm3
Melting point 586 °C (1,087 °F; 859 K)
Boiling point 800 °C (1,470 °F; 1,070 K)
195 g/100 mL, exothermic
Solubility in other solvents THF, Ethanol
Structure
Monoclinic, mS16
C12/m1, No. 12
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Related compounds
Other anions
Indium(III) fluoride
Indium(III) bromide
Indium(III) iodide
Other cations
Aluminium chloride
Gallium trichloride
Thallium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3. This colorless salt finds some use in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium.

Being a relatively electropositive metal, indium reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride. Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent. A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol-benzene solution.

Like AlCl3 and TlCl3, InCl3 crystallizes as a layered structure consisting of close-packed chloride arrangement containing layers of octahedrally coordinated In(III) centers. The motif is akin to that seen for YCl3. In contrast, GaCl3 crystallizes as dimers containing Ga2Cl6. Molten InCl3 conducts electricity, whereas AlCl3 does not as it converts to the molecular dimer, Al2Cl6.


InCl3 is a Lewis acid and forms complexes with donor ligands, L, InCl3L, InCl3L2, InCl3L3. For example with chloride ion it forms tetrahedral, InCl4; trigonal bipyramidal, InCl52− and octahedral InCl63−.

In diethyl ether solution InCl3 reacts with lithium hydride, LiH, to form , an unstable compound decomposing below 0 °C, which is reacted "in situ" in organic synthesis as a reducing agent and to prepare tertiary amine and phosphine complexes of InH3.


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