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Incan

Inca Empire
Tawantinsuyu  (Quechua)
1438–1533


Banner of the Tawantinsuyu

The Inca Empire at its greatest extent
Capital Cusco
(1438–1533)
Languages Quechua (official), Aymara, Puquina, Jaqi family, Muchik and scores of smaller languages.
Religion Inca religion
Government Divine, Absolute Monarchy
Sapa Inca
 •  1438–1471 Pachacuti
 •  1471–1493 Túpac Inca Yupanqui
 •  1493–1527 Huayna Capac
 •  1527–1532 Huáscar
 •  1532–1533 Atahualpa
Historical era Pre-Columbian
 •  Pachacuti created the Tawantinsuyu 1438
 •  Civil war between Huáscar and Atahualpa 1529–1532
 •  Spanish conquest led by Francisco Pizarro 1533
 •  End of the last Inca resistance 1572
Area
 •  1527 2,000,000 km² (772,204 sq mi)
Population
 •  1527 est. 10,000,000 
     Density 5 /km²  (12.9 /sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Cusco
Governorate of New Castile
Governorate of New Toledo
Neo-Inca State
Today part of  Argentina
 Bolivia
 Chile
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru


Banner of the Tawantinsuyu

The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, lit. "The Four Regions"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century. Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.

From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. At its largest, the empire joined Peru, large parts of modern Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and central Chile and a small part of southern Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia. Its official language was Quechua. Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire, most of them concerning local sacred Huacas, but the Inca leadership encouraged the worship of Inti—their sun god—and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of Pachamama. The Incas considered their king, the Sapa Inca, to be the "son of the sun."


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