Imam Shamil
| Imam Shamil | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Imam of the Dagestan | |
| Reign | 1834 - 1859 |
| Predecessor | Gamzat-bek |
| Successor | Overthrown by the Russian Empire |
| Born | 26 June 1797 Gimry, Dagestan, Avar Khanate |
| Died | 4 February 1871 (aged 73) Medina, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire |
| Burial | Jannatul Baqi, Medina, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) |
| Father | Dengau |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Imam Shamil (Avar: Шейх Шамил; Turkish: Şeyh Şamil; Russian: Имам Шамиль; Arabic: الشيخ شامل) (pronounced "Shaamil") also spelled Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus. He was a leader of anti-Russian resistance in the Caucasian War and was the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859).
Imam Shamil was born in 1797, in the small village (aul) of Gimry, which is in current-day Dagestan, Russia. He was originally named Ali, but following local tradition, his name was changed when he became ill. His father, Dengau, was a free landlord, and this position allowed Shamil and his close friend Ghazi Mollah to study many subjects including Arabic and logic. Shamil established himself as a well-respected and educated man of Quran and Sunnah among other Muslims of the Caucasus.
Shamil was born at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding into the territories of the Ottoman Empire and Persia (see Russo-Persian War (1804-1813) and Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)). Following the Russian invasion, many Caucasian nations united in resistance to harsh Tsarist rule in what became known as the Caucasian War. Some of the earlier leaders of Caucasian resistance were Sheikh Mansur and Ghazi Mollah. Shamil was actually childhood friends with the Mollah, and would become his disciple and counsellor.
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