Idlib

Idlib ادلب Edlib
Typical olive field in the valleys surrounding Idlib
Idlib Location in Syria
Coordinates: 35°56′N 36°38′E / 35.933°N 36.633°E / 35.933; 36.633
Country	Syria
Governorate	Idlib Governorate
District	Idlib District
Government
• Governor	Atef Ghanem al-Naddaf
Elevation	500 m (1,600 ft)
Population (2010 census)
• Total	165,000
Area code(s)	23
Climate	Csa
Website	eIdleb

Idlib (Arabic: ادلب‎‎, also spelled Edlib or Idleb) is a city in northwestern Syria, capital of the Idlib Governorate, and 59 kilometers (37 mi) south west of Aleppo. It has an elevation of nearly 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level. In the 2004 census by the Central Bureau of Statistics, Idlib had a population of 98,791 (2004 census) and in 2010 the population of Idlib was around 165,000 (2010 census). The inhabitants are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslims, although there is a significant Christian minority. Idlib is divided into six main districts: Ashrafiyeh (the most populous), Hittin, Hejaz, Downtown, Hurriya, and al-Qusur.

A major agricultural center of Syria, the Idlib area is also historically significant, containing many "dead cities" and man-made tells. Idlib contains the ancient city of Ebla, once the capital of a powerful kingdom. The ancient kingdoms of Nuhašše and Luhuti flourished in the Governorate during the Bronze and Iron ages.

The Ebla tablets (2350 BC) mention the city of "Duhulubuum" which is most probably located at Idlib as suggested by Michael Astour and Douglas Frayne; a similarity exist between the sounds of the ancient and modern name. In the tablets Duhulubuum is located 22 km south of "Unqi" which the modern village of Kaukanya; a village located 22 km northeast of Idlib. Thutmose III mentioned the city with the name "Ythb".

During Ottoman rule in Syria, between the 16th and 19th centuries, Idlib served as the capital of a kada ("subdistrict capital") bearing its name, part of the larger Vilayet of Aleppo ("Province of Aleppo.") The city was a center of olive production, which in turn gave way to a prosperous olive-based soap industry. Although the major markets for Idlib's soap were at Aleppo, Antioch, and Hama, the product was exported as far as the Ottoman capital of Istanbul. Idlib was also a major producer of cotton fabrics. Western traveler Josias Leslie Porter noted that Idlib was "encompassed in olive groves, rare in this bleak region." He further remarked that its olives groves were larger than those of Damascus, Beirut, and Gaza. In the mid-19th-century, the town had an estimated population of 8,000, including 500 Christians. In the late 19th century, Idlib was "flourishing" and contained a number of Christian families, according to German orientalist Albert Socin.