Historieta
| Spanish comics | |
|---|---|
| Earliest publications | 1917 |
| Publishers |
Editorial Bruguera Editorial Valenciana Ediciones Metropol Norma Editorial Robot Comics |
| Publications |
TBO Pulgarcito Mort & Phil El Víbora Carpanta |
| Creators |
Cifré Escobar Vázquez Jan Max |
| Series | "Capitán Trueno" "Superlópez" "Zipi y Zape" "Anacleto, agente secreto" "Las hermanas Gilda" |
| Languages |
Spanish Catalan |
| Related articles | |
|
Argentine comics Mexican comics Franco-Belgian comics |
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Spanish comics are the comics of Spain. Comics in Spain are usually called historietas or cómics, with tebeos primarily denoting the magazines containing the medium. (Tebeo is a phonetic adaptation of TBO, a long-running (1917–1983) Spanish comic book magazine, and sounds like "te veo" (I see you).)
Two publishing houses — Editorial Bruguera and Editorial Valenciana — dominated the Spanish comics market for most of its history.
TBO was influential in popularizing the medium. One of the magazine's recurring features was Los grandes inventos del TBO ("the great inventions of TBO") which depicted humorous Rube Goldberg-like machines.
Other important early humorous comic magazines were Pulgarcito (1921–1986) and Lily (the latter for girls).
After the Spanish Civil War the Franco regime imposed strict censorship in all media, and comics were no exception. As part of this ban, superhero comics were forbidden by the Francoist regime; as a result, comic heroes were based on historical fiction. In 1944 the medieval hero El Guerrero del Antifaz ("the masked warrior") was created by Manuel Gago and published by Editorial Valenciana. Another popular medieval hero, Capitán Trueno, was created in 1956.
Despite Franco's controls, the 1940s and 1950s are considered a golden age of Spanish comics, and many titles were at the height of their popularity. During this period, Editorial Bruguera created a recognizable style of humor comics with a mixture of comedy of manners and slapstick starring chronic losers. Among the popular characters of this era were Cifré's El repórter Tribulete, Escobar's Carpanta and Zipi y Zape, and Vázquez's Las hermanas Gilda. Editorial Bruguera also published adventure comics such as Capitán Trueno and Silver Roy. In 1958 Ibáñez's Mortadelo y Filemón was first published, a series that soon become the most popular comic media in Spain.
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