Hexachloroantimonate

Antimony pentachloride

Names
IUPAC names Antimony pentachloride Antimony(V) chloride
Other names Antimonic chloride Antimony perchloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7647-18-9 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	10613049 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.729
EC Number	231-601-8
PubChem CID	24294
RTECS number	CC5075000
InChI InChI=1S/5ClH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5 Y Key: PZVOXSCNPLCIRA-UHFFFAOYSA-I Y InChI=1/5ClH.Sb.3H/h5*1H;;;;/q;;;;;+3;;;/p-5/r5ClH.H3Sb/h5*1H;1H3/q;;;;;+3/p-5 Key: KUGFODPTKMDJNG-MEZDTJOHAL InChI=1/5ClH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5 Key: PZVOXSCNPLCIRA-AACRGIKGAS
SMILES [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[SbH3+3] [SbH3+3].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-]
Properties
Chemical formula	Cl5Sb
Molar mass	299.01 g·mol−1
Appearance	colorless or reddish-yellow (fuming) liquid, oily
Odor	pungent, offensive
Density	2.336 g/cm3 (20 °C) 2.36 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point	2.8 °C (37.0 °F; 275.9 K)
Boiling point	140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) decomposes from 106 °C 79 °C (174 °F; 352 K) at 22 mmHg 92 °C (198 °F; 365 K) at 30 mmHg
Solubility in water	reacts
Solubility	soluble in alcohol, HCl, tartaric acid, CHCl3, CS2, CCl4
Solubility in selenium(IV) oxychloride	62.97 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure	0.16 kPa (25 °C) 4 kPa (40 °C) 7.7 kPa (100 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-120.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.59255
Viscosity	2.034 cP (29.4 °C) 1.91 cP (35 °C)
Structure
Molecular shape	Trigonal bipyramidal
Dipole moment	0 D
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	120.9 J/mol·K (gas)
Std molar entropy (So298)	295 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	-437.2 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	-345.35 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H314, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310
Inhalation hazard	Toxic
NFPA 704	0 3 1 W
Flash point	77 °C (171 °F; 350 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	1115 mg/kg, (rat, oral)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
Related compounds
Other anions	Antimony pentafluoride
Other cations	Phosphorus pentachloride
Related compounds	Antimony trichloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl₅. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to impurities. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl₅ is a highly corrosive substance and carbonizes non-fluorinated plastics.

Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:

Gaseous SbCl₅ has a trigonal prismatic structure.

Antimony pentachloride hydrolyses to give hydrochloric acid and antimony oxychlorides. This reaction is suppressed in the presence of a large excess of chloride, owing to the formation of the hexachloroantimonate complex ion:

The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl₅·H₂O SbCl₅·4 H₂O.

This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.

It is also a strong oxidizing agent.

Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.

Antimony pentachloride is a highly corrosive substance that should be stored away from heat and moisture. It is a chlorinating agent and, in the presence of moisture, it releases hydrogen chloride gas. Because of this, it may etch even stainless-steel tools (such as needles), if handled in a moist atmosphere. It should not be handled with non-fluorinated plastics (such as plastic syringes, plastic septa, or needles with plastic fittings), since it melts and carbonizes plastic materials.

Manufacturer and supplier..... Chemical & Metal Industries, Inc. Hudson, CO 80642 (303)-536-9800