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Herbert Horatio Kitchener

Field Marshal The Right Honourable
The Earl Kitchener
KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC
Horatio Herbert Kitchener.jpg
Secretary of State for War
In office
5 August 1914 – 5 June 1916
Monarch George V
Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith
Preceded by Herbert Henry Asquith
Succeeded by David Lloyd George
Consul-General in Egypt (1911–14)
In office
1911–1914
Personal details
Born Horatio Herbert Kitchener
24 June 1850
Ballylongford, County Kerry, Ireland
Died 5 June 1916(1916-06-05) (aged 65)
West of the Orkney Islands, Scotland
Relations The 2nd Earl Kitchener
Sir Walter Kitchener
Military service
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service 1871–1916
Rank Field Marshal
Commands Mahdist War (1884–99)
Second Boer War (1900–02)
Commander-in-Chief, India (1902–09)
Battles/wars

Franco-Prussian War
Mahdist War:

Second Boer War:

First World War
Awards Knight of the Order of the Garter
Knight of the Order of St Patrick
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Member of the Order of Merit
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

Franco-Prussian War
Mahdist War:

Second Boer War:

Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (/ˈkɪɪnər/; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916), was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator who won notoriety for his imperial campaigns, most especially his scorched earth policy against the Boers and his establishment of concentration camps during the Second Boer War, and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War.

Kitchener was credited in 1898 for winning the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan for which he was made Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, becoming a qualifying peer and of mid-rank as an Earl. As Chief of Staff (1900–02) in the Second Boer War he played a key role in Lord Roberts' conquest of the Boer Republics, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief – by which time Boer forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer civilians in concentration camps. His term as Commander-in-Chief (1902–09) of the Army in India saw him quarrel with another eminent proconsul, the Viceroy Lord Curzon, who eventually resigned. Kitchener then returned to Egypt as British Agent and Consul-General (de facto administrator).


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