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Henry Benedict Mary Clement Stuart of York

His Eminence
Henry Benedict Stuart
Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri
and Dean of the College of Cardinals
Circle of Anton Raphael Mengs, Henry Benedict Maria Clement Stuart, Cardinal York (ca 1750) -002.jpg
Henry Benedict Stuart, "Cardinal Duke of York"
Province Rome
Diocese Ostia and Velletri
Appointed 26 September 1803
Term ended 13 July 1807
Predecessor Gian Francesco Albani
Successor Leonardo Antonelli
Other posts
Orders
Ordination 1 September 1748
by Pope Benedict XIV
Consecration 19 November 1758
by Pope Clement XIII
Created Cardinal 3 July 1747
Personal details
Birth name Henry Benedict Mary Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart of York
Born (1725-03-06)6 March 1725
Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal States
Died 13 July 1807(1807-07-13) (aged 82)
Frascati, Rome, Papal States
Buried St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Parents James Francis Edward Stuart
Maria Clementina Sobieska
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Coat of arms Henry Benedict Stuart coat of arms

Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, as well as the fourth and final Jacobite heir to claim the thrones of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland publicly. Unlike his father, James Francis Edward Stuart, and brother, Charles Edward Stuart, Henry made no effort to seize the throne. After Charles's death in January 1788 the Papacy did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of England, Scotland, and Ireland, but referred to him as the Cardinal Duke of York.

He spent his life in the Papal States and had a long career in the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, rising to become the Dean of the College of Cardinals and Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri. At the time of his death he was (and still is) one of the longest serving Cardinals in the Church's history.

In his youth, Henry's father made him Duke of York (in the Jacobite Peerage), and it was by this title that he was best known. Upon the death of his brother in 1788 Henry became known by Jacobites, and within his personal entourage, as Henry IX of England and Ireland, and I of Scotland, although publicly he referred to himself as Cardinal-Duke of York .

Henry was born in exile at the Palazzo Muti in Rome on 6 March 1725 and baptized on the same day by Pope Benedict XIII, 37 years after his grandfather James II and VII lost the throne, and ten years after his father's failed attempt to regain it. His father was James Francis Edward Stuart, known to his opponents as "the Old Pretender". His mother was the Princess Maria Klementyna Sobieska, granddaughter of the Polish King and Lithuanian Grand-Duke, John III Sobieski.


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