Haplogroup K2b-P331

Haplogroup K2b (P331)
Possible time of origin	About 3,000 years younger than K-M9 40,000-50,000 years old
Possible place of origin	Probably Southeast Asia possibly South Asia if an extinction event took place.
Ancestor	K2
Descendants	K2b1 (previously known as MS) and; Haplogroup P (K2b2; subclades include haplogroups Q and R).
Defining mutations	P331, CTS2019/M1205, PF5990/L405, PF5969,

Haplogroup K2b (P331), also known as MPS is a human y-chromosome haplogroup that is thought to be less than 3,000 years younger than K, and less than 10,000 years younger than F, meaning it probably is around 50,000 years old, according to the age estimates of Tatiana Karafet et al. 2014.

The basal paragroup K2b* has not been identified among living males or ancient remains. (One previously reported sample, dated at 3,000 years before present, has since been reclassified as R1a – an individual known as RISE94, from Viby in Sweden.)

K2b1 (P397/P399) known previously as Haplogroup MS, and Haplogroup P (P-P295), also known as K2b2 are the only primary clades of K2b. The population geneticist Tatiana Karafet and other researchers (2014) point out that K2b1, its subclades and P* are virtually restricted geographically to South East Asia and Oceania. Whereas, in a striking contrast, P1 (P-M45)and its primary subclades Q and R now make up "the majority of paternal lineages in Europe, Central Asia and the Americas". According to Karafet et. al., the estimated dates for the branching of K, K2, K2b and P point to a "rapid diversification" within K2 "that likely occurred in Southeast Asia", with subsequent "westward expansions" of P*, P1, Q and R.

While basal K2b* has not yet been identified, populations with living members of the immediate subclades K2b1* and P* (K2b2) appear to be polarized between Oceania, South Asia and eastern Siberia.

Some Negrito populations of South-East Asia carry very high levels of K2b at the subclade level. It is carried, for instance, by more than 83% of males among the Aeta (or Agta) people of the Philippines, in the form of K2b1 (60%), P* (P-P295*, a.k.a. K2b2*) and P2.

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