Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)
| Haplogroup R | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | about 27,000 years BP |
| Possible place of origin | Central Asia, South Asia or Siberia. |
| Ancestor | P1 (P-M45), the only primary clade of P* (P-P295) |
| Descendants | R1 (R-M173), R2 (R-M479) (R2) |
| Defining mutations | M207/Page37/UTY2, CTS207/M600/PF5992, CTS2426/M661/PF6033, CTS2913/M667, CTS3229/M672/PF6036/YSC0001265, CTS3622/PF6037, CTS5815/M696, CTS6417/Y480, CTS7876/PF6052, CTS7880/M725/PF6053, CTS8311/M732, CTS9005/M741, CTS10663/M788, CTS11075/M795/P6078, CTS11647/Y369, F33/M603/PF6013, F63/M614/PF6016, F82/M620, F154/M636, F295/M685, F356/M703/PF5919, F370/M708/Y479, F459/Y482, F652/M805, F765, FGC1168, L248.3/M705.3, L747/M702/PF5918/YSC0000287, L760/M642/PF5877/YSC0000286, L1225/M789/YSC0000232, L1347/M792/PF6077/YSC0000233, M613, M628/PF5868, M651/Y296, M718, M734/PF6057/S4/YSC0000201, M760/Y506, M764/PF5953, M799, P224/PF6050, P227, P229/PF6019, P232, P280, P285, PF5938, PF6014/S9 (ISOGG 2016) |
Haplogroup R or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is both numerous and widespread amongst modern populations.
Some descendant subclades are common throughout Europe, Central Asia and South Asia, and also common in parts of the West Asia, Africa and North America. Others are primarily from West Asia and South Asia.
Karafet et al (2014) and other researchers state that a "rapid diversification ... of K-M526 ... likely occurred in Southeast Asia" and was followed by the relatively rapid "westward expansion" of Haplogroup P-M45 (P1) – the immediate ancestor of both Haplogroups Q and R.
Haplogroup P1 (P-M45), the immediate ancestor of Haplogroup R, likely emerged in South East Asia. The SNP M207, which defines Haplogroup R, is believed to have arisen during the Upper Paleolithic era, about 27,000 years ago.
Only one confirmed example of basal R* has been found, in 24,000 year old remains, known as MA-1, found at Mal'ta near Lake Baikal in Siberia. While a living example of R-M207(xM17,M124) was reported in 2012, the sample of 158 ethnic Tajik males from Badakshan, Afghanistan were not tested for the SNP M478; the male concerned may therefore belong to R2*.
Despite the rarity of R*, the relatively rapid expansion – geographically and numerically – of subclades from R1 in particular, was noted in a 2014 paper by Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik and others: "both R1a and R1b comprise young, star-like expansions" (Karafet 2008). The authors noted that living examples found in Central Asian samples included the "deepest subclade" of R-M269 (R1b1a2) – the most numerous branch of R1b in Western Europe.
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