Haplogroup P1 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup P1 (P-M45; K2b2a)
Possible place of origin	South East Asia/East Asia
Ancestor	P* (P-P295)
Descendants	Q (Q-M242) and R (R-M207).
Defining mutations	M45/PF5962

Haplogroup P1 also known as P-M45 and K2b2a is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. Defined by the SNPs M45 and PF5962, P1 is a primary branch (subclade) of P* (P-P295; K2b2).

The only primary subclades of P1 are Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207). These haplogroups now comprise most of the male lineages among Native Americans, Europeans, Central Asia and South Asia, among other parts of the world.

P1 (M45) likely originated in East Asia or South East Asia, even though basal P1* (P1xQ,R) is now most common among individuals in Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. That is: both P* (or K2b2) and its precursor, K2b, reach their highest rates among members of the Aeta (or Agta) people of Luzon in the Philippines, and; Luzon is also the only location at which P*, P1 and haplogroup P2 (P-B253; K2b2b), the only other primary subclade of P*, have been found together. However, these matters are insufficiently researched. While it is possible that P1 (P-M45) originated in Island South East Asia or Sundaland, during the last major ice age, P1 may instead have arrived later in the Philippines as a result of back-migration.

The subclades of Haplogroup P1 with their defining mutation, according to the 2016 ISOGG tree:

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