Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup J-M304
Possible time of origin	48,000 years ago
Possible place of origin	Western Asia
Ancestor	IJ
Descendants	J-M267, J-M172
Defining mutations	M304/Page16/PF4609, 12f2.1

Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J*, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Socotra, the Caucasus, Southeast Europe, Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan and western India.

J-M304 is divided into two main subclades (branches), J-M267 and J-M172.

Haplogroup J-M304 is believed to have arisen roughly 48,000 years ago in Western Asia. It is most closely related to Haplogroup I-M170, as both lineages are haplogroup IJ subclades. Haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K derive from Haplogroup IJK, and only at this level of classification does haplogroup IJK join with Haplogroup G-M201 and Haplogroup H as immediate descendants of Haplogroup F-M89. J-M304 is defined by the M304 genetic marker, or the equivalent 12f2.1 marker. According to a genetic study in China by Shou et al., J*-M304 is found among the Sibe people, Kazakhs, Dongxiangs and Uzbeks in Northwest China. The main current subgroups J-M267 and J-M172, which now comprise between them almost all of the population of the haplogroup, are both believed to have arisen very early, at least 10,000 years ago. Nonetheless, Y-chromosomes F-M89* and IJ-M429* were reported to have been observed in the Iranian plateau (Grugni et al. 2012).

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