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Hannibal War

Torstenson War
Part of the Thirty Years' War
Sjöstrid-Sjöslaget vid Femernbält 1644 - Sjöhistoriska museet - O 08132.tif
Date 1643–1645
Location Denmark, Norway, Sweden
Result Swedish victory
Territorial
changes
Jämtland, Härjedalen, Idre, Särna, Gotland, Saaremaa and Halland (on 30 years) become Swedish territories
Belligerents
Sweden Sweden Denmark Denmark–Norway
 Holy Roman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Sweden Gustav Horn
Sweden Carl Gustaf Wrangel
Sweden Lennart Torstenson
Sweden Maerten Thijssen
Denmark Christian IV of Denmark
Denmark Hannibal Sehested
Denmark Anders Bille
Denmark Ebbe Ulfeldt
Holy Roman Empire Matthias Gallas
Strength
24,600 Swedes 26,000 Danes and Norwegians
6,000 Germans

The Torstenson war, Hannibal controversy or Hannibal War (Norwegian: Hannibalsfeiden) was a short period of conflict between Sweden and Denmark–Norway from 1643 to 1645 towards the end of the Thirty Years' War. The names refer to Swedish general Lennart Torstenson and Norwegian governor-general Hannibal Sehested.

Denmark had withdrawn from the Thirty Years' War in the Treaty of Lübeck (1629). In the Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645), which concluded the war, Denmark had to make huge territorial concessions and exempt Sweden from the Sound Dues, de facto acknowledging the end of the Danish dominium maris baltici. Danish efforts to reverse this result in the Second Northern, Scanian and Great Northern wars failed.

Sweden had been highly successful in the Thirty Years' War, having defeated Imperial armies in Germany and seen substantial victories under Gustavus Adolphus and after his death, under the leadership of Count Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden. At the same time, Sweden was continually threatened by Denmark–Norway, which almost completely encircled Sweden from the south (Blekinge, Scania and Halland), the west (Bohuslän) and the north-west (Jämtland). The Danish Sound Dues were also a continuing source of irritation and a contributing factor to the war. In the spring of 1643 the Swedish Privy Council determined that their military strength made territorial gains at the expense of Denmark likely. The Count drew up the plan for war and directed a surprise multi-front attack on Denmark in May.


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