Hananu Revolt

Hananu Revolt
Part of the Franco–Syrian War
A map of northwestern Syria, where the Hananu Revolt was based. The revolt was divided into four military zones: Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Sahyun, Jabal Zawiya and Jabal Harim
Date April 1920 –July 19211 Location Western countryside of Aleppo Result French victory
Belligerents
French Mandate of Syria Army of the Levant	Rebel groups (′Isabat) of northern Syria Supported by: Arab Kingdom of Syria Turkey Emirate of Transjordan
Commanders and leaders
Henri Gouraud Henri Félix de Lamothe André-Gaston Prételat Fernand Goubeau	Ibrahim Hananu Najib Uwaid Umar al-Bitar Yusuf al-Sa'dun Mustafa al-Hajj Husayn Tahir al-Kayyali Abdullah ibn Umar Sha'ban Agha Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
Strength
20,000 (2nd Division in Cilicia and Aleppo district)	~5,000 irregulars
Casualties and losses
N/A	N/A
1 A low-level insurgency continued until at least August 1926

French Mandate of Syria

Rebel groups (′Isabat) of northern Syria
Supported by:

The Hananu Revolt (also known as the Aleppo Revolt or the Northern revolts) occurred in 1920–1921 in the western countryside of Aleppo and its purpose was to drive out French military forces from northern Syria. Support for the revolt was driven by opposition to the establishment of a French Mandate in the country. The revolt was named after its leading commander, Ibrahim Hananu, and mainly consisted of four allied revolts in the areas of Jabal Harim, Jabal Qusayr, Jabal Zawiya and Jabal Sahyun. The rebels were led by rural leaders and mostly engaged in guerrilla attacks against French forces or the sabotage of key infrastructure.

The Hananu Revolt coincided with the Alawite Revolt in Syria's coastal mountains led by Saleh al-Ali, and both al-Ali and Hananu jointly referred to their revolts as part of the "general national movement of Western Aleppo". Despite early rebel victories, guerrilla operations ceased after the French occupation of Aleppo in July 1920 and the dissolution of the Arab government, the revolt's key backer. However, Hananu's forces renewed their revolt in November 1920 after securing large amounts of military aid from the Turkish forces of Mustafa Kemal, who were fighting the French for control of southern Anatolia. At the revolt's peak in 1920, Hananu established a quasi-state in the region between Aleppo and the Mediterranean. The rebels were dealt major blows on the battlefield in December 1920 and after agreements between the French and the Turks, Turkish military support for the rebels largely dissipated by the spring of 1921. French forces overran Hananu's last stronghold in Jabal Zawiya in July. Hananu was tried by the French Mandatory authorities and ultimately acquitted. A low-level insurgency led by rebel leader Yusuf al-Sa'dun persisted, with the last major military engagement with French forces occurring on 8 August 1926. The latter occurred amid the countrywide Great Syrian Revolt, which began in the summer of 1925.

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