Han Yu
| Han Yu | |||||||||
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| Born | 768 | ||||||||
| Died | 824 (aged 55–56) | ||||||||
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| Full name | |
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Family name: Hán 韓 Given name: Yù 愈 Courtesy name: Tuìzhī 退之 |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Duke Wen of Han 韓文公 |
| Han Yu | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 韓愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 韩愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Hán Yù |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Harn Yuh |
| Wade–Giles | Han2 Yü4 |
| IPA | [xǎn ŷ] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Hòhn Yùh |
| Jyutping | Hon4 Jyu6 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Hân Jú |
Han Yu (traditional Chinese: 韓愈; simplified Chinese: 韩愈; 768–824) was an essayist and poet from the Tang dynasty who had a strong influence on the development of Neo-Confucianism. He has been described as "comparable in stature to Dante, Shakespeare or Goethe" for his influence on the Chinese literary tradition. He stood for strong central authority in politics and orthodoxy in cultural matters. He was considered by many to be among China's finest prose writers, second only to Sima Qian. He was also ranked first among the "Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song" in a list compiled by Ming Dynasty scholar Mao Kun (茅坤).
Han Yu was born in Heyang (河陽, present day Mengzhou) in Henan to a family of noble lineage. His father worked as a minor official but died when Han Yu was two, who was then raised in the family of his older brother, Han Hui (韓會). He was a student of philosophical writings and confucian thought. His family moved to Chang'an in 774 but was banished to Southern China in 777 because of its association with disgraced minister Yuan Zai. Han Hui died in 781 while serving as a prefect in Guangdong province. In 792, after four attempts, Han Yu passed the jinshi imperial examination. In 796, after failing to secure a position in the civil service at the capital, he went into the service of the provincial military governor of Bianzhou until 799, and then of the military governor of Xuzhou. He gained his first central government position in 802 on the recommendation of the military governor. However, he was soon exiled, seemingly for failing to support the heir apparent's faction (other possible reasons are because of his criticism of the misbehaviour of the emperor's servants or his request for reduction of taxes during a famine).
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