Gregory III Monoszló
| Gregory (III) Monoszló | |
|---|---|
| Judge of the Cumans | |
| Reign | 1269 |
| Predecessor | first known |
| Successor | Mojs (as Palatine) |
| Spouse(s) | Queen Elizabeth's sister |
| Noble family | gens Monoszló |
| Father | Gregory II |
| Mother | N Bő |
| Born | c. 1240 |
| Died | between 1291 and 1294 |
Gregory (III) from the kindred Monoszló (Hungarian: Monoszló nembeli (III) Gergely; c. 1240 – between 1291 and 1294) was a Hungarian lord, who served as the first known Judge of the Cumans in 1269. Through his marriage, he was a relative of the royal Árpád dynasty.
Gregory III was born into the gens Monoszló around 1240 as the son of Gregory II, who functioned as ispán of Krassó County in 1255. His mother was an unidentified noblewoman from the gens Bő, possibly the daughter of Ders. His grandfather was Thomas I, the Ban of Slavonia between 1228 and 1229. Gregory had two brothers, Egyed II, who served as Master of the treasury several times, and Peter, who functioned as Bishop of Transylvania from 1270 to 1307. Despite his direct royal kinship relations, Gregory's career was overshadowed by his elder brother, the more ambitious and capable Egyed. The three brothers supported each other in national politics and gradually distinguished themselves from the other branches of the Monoszló kindred. This intention also appeared in contemporary documents and charters, when their names were referred with the suffixes "de genere Thome bani" ("from Ban Thomas' kindred"), and later "de Filek", when the eldest one, Egyed was granted Fülek Castle (today Fiľakovo, Slovakia) by his lord, Duke Stephen.
Gregory became relative of the royal House of Árpád, when married an unidentified sister of Duke Stephen's consort, Elizabeth the Cuman. Elizabeth, and Gregory's wife most possibly were the daughters of Seyhan, a Cuman chieftain. The marriage of Gregory and the Cuman lady presumably occurred in the mid-1260s, as, according to a 1274 royal charter issued by Elizabeth's son, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, Elizabeth had previously donated the queenly estate of Pány (today Paňovce, Slovakia) to her sister, which area then belonged to her husband, Stephen's realm, who, adopting the title of Junior King, forced his father, King Béla IV of Hungary to cede all the lands of the Kingdom of Hungary to the east of the Danube to him. Later, in 1274, Ladislaus IV confiscated her aunt's estate in exchange for Kárán, Somogy County, which laid near to the Monoszlós' lands. Historian János Karácsonyi claimed, Elizabeth and her unidentified sister were the siblings of Bulgarian Despot Jacob Svetoslav, who rebelled against his father-in-law, Stephen's rule, and after the victorius Hungarian campaign in 1266, Egyed Monoszló, who captured Tirnovo, took the Despot's sister to marry with his younger brother, Gregory as pledge of the peace.
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