Gell-Mann

Murray Gell-Mann

Born	(1929-09-15) September 15, 1929 (age 88) Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Residence	United States
Nationality	American
Citizenship	United States
Alma mater	Yale University (BS) MIT (PhD)
Known for	Coining the term 'quark' Elementary particles Effective complexity Gell-Mann and Low theorem Gell-Mann matrices Gell-Mann−Low renormalization group equation Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula V−A theory Sigma model of pions Seesaw theory of neutrino masses Strangeness Plectics Totalitarian principle
Spouse(s)	J. Margaret Dow (m. 1955; d. 1981) Marcia Southwick (m. 1992)
Children	Two + 1 stepchild
Awards	Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics (1959) E. O. Lawrence Award (1966) John J. Carty Award (1968) Nobel Prize in Physics (1969) ForMemRS (1978)
Website	www.santafe.edu/~mgm
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Santa Fe Institute University of New Mexico University of Southern California California Institute of Technology University of Chicago
Thesis	Coupling strength and nuclear reactions (1951)
Doctoral advisor	Victor Weisskopf
Doctoral students	Kenneth G. Wilson Sidney Coleman Rod Crewther James Hartle Christopher T. Hill Barton Zwiebach

Murray Gell-Mann (/ˈmʌri ˈɡɛl ˈmæn/; born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He is the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.

Gell-Mann has spent several periods at CERN, among others as a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in 1972.

Gell-Mann was born in lower Manhattan into a family of Jewish immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, specifically from Chernivtsi in present-day Ukraine. His parents were Pauline (née Reichstein) and Arthur Isidore Gell-Mann, who taught English as a Second Language (ESL).