Gabriele D'Annunzio
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General Gabriele D'Annunzio OMS CMG MVM |
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| Duce of the Carnaro | |
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In office 12 September 1919 – 30 December 1920 |
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| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by |
Office abolished (Riccardo Zanella as President of the Free State of Fiume) |
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Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Florence |
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In office 5 April 1897 – 17 May 1900 |
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| Constituency | Florence |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
12 March 1863 Pescara, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 1 March 1938 (aged 74) Gardone Riviera, Kingdom of Italy |
| Resting place | Vittoriale degli italiani, Gardone Riviera, Lake Garda |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Political party |
Historical Right (1897–1898) Historical Far-Left (1898–1900) Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) |
| Spouse(s) | Maria Hardouin (m. 1883; d. 1938) |
| Domestic partner | Eleonora Duse (m. 1898–1901) |
| Children |
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| Parents | Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta and Luisa de Benedictis |
| Profession | Writer, journalist, poet, soldier |
| Religion | Deism (Martinism) |
| Military service | |
| Nickname(s) | "Il Vate" ("The Poet"); "Il Profeta" ("The Prophet") |
| Service/branch |
 Royal Italian ArmyRoyal Air Force |
| Years of service | active: 1915–18 |
| Rank | General (honorary) Lieutenant colonel Major Lieutenant colonel |
| Unit | 3rd Army Arditi |
| Battles/wars | |
| Writing career | |
| Period | 20th century |
| Genre | Poetry, novel |
| Subject | Individualism, existentialism |
| Literary movement | Decadentism |
| Notable works | |
| Years active | 1879–1938 |
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| Signature |  |
General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso, Duke of Gallese OMS CMG MVM (Italian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈɛːle danˈnuntsjo]; 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes spelled d'Annunzio, was an Italian writer, poet, journalist, playwright and soldier during World War I. He occupied a prominent place in Italian literature from 1889 to 1910 and after that political life from 1914 to 1924. He was often referred to under the epithets Il Vate ("the Poet") or Il Profeta ("the Prophet").
D'Annunzio was associated with the Decadent movement in his literary works, which interplayed closely with French Symbolism and British Aestheticism. Such works represented a turn against the naturalism of the preceding romantics and was both sensuous and mystical. He came under the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche which would find outlets in his literary and later political contributions. His affairs with several women, including Eleonora Duse and Luisa Casati, received public attention.
During the First World War, perception of D'Annunzio in Italy would be transformed from literary figure into a national war hero. He was associated with the elite Arditi storm troops of the Italian Army and took part in actions such as the Flight over Vienna. As part of an Italian nationalist reaction against the Paris Peace Conference, he set up the short-lived Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume with himself as Duce. The constitution made "music" the fundamental principle of the state and was corporatist in nature. Some of the ideas and aesthetics influenced Italian fascism and the style of Benito Mussolini.
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