Italian Regency of Carnaro
| Italian Regency of Carnaro | ||||||||||
| Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro | ||||||||||
| Unrecognized entity seeking unification with Italy | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Fiume | |||||||||
| Languages | Italian | |||||||||
| Government | Provisional authoritarian republic | |||||||||
| Duce | Gabriele D'Annunzio | |||||||||
| Legislature | Arengo del Carnaro | |||||||||
| • | Upper house | Consiglio degli Ottimi | ||||||||
| • | Lower house | Consiglio dei Provvisori | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | |||||||||
| • | Coup d'état | September 12, 1919 | ||||||||
| • | Constitution | 8 September 1920 | ||||||||
| • | Treaty of Rapallo | 12 November 1920 | ||||||||
| • | Conquered | 30 December 1920 | ||||||||
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The Italian Regency of Carnaro (Italian: Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro) was a self-proclaimed state in the city of Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) led by Gabriele d'Annunzio between 1919 and 1920. It is also known by its lyrical name Italian: Fiume Endevour (Impresa di Fiume).
During World War I (1914–1918), Italy made a pact with the Allies, the Treaty of London (1915), in which it was promised all of the Austrian Littoral, but not the city of Fiume. After the war, at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, this delineation of territory was confirmed, with Fiume remaining outside of Italian borders, instead joined with adjacent Croatian territories into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Gabriele D'Annunzio was angered by what he considered to be handing over of the city of Fiume. On September 12, 1919, he led around 2,600 troops from the Royal Italian Army (the Granatieri di Sardegna), Italian nationalists and irredentists, into a seizure of the city, forcing the withdrawal of the inter-Allied (American, British and French) occupying forces. Their march from Ronchi dei Legionari to Fiume became known as the Impresa di Fiume ("Fiume Exploit").
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