Güyük Khan Гүюг хаан ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ |
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3rd Khagan of the Mongol Empire (Supreme Khan of the Mongols) King of Kings |
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Depiction of Guyuk Khan in a Persian miniature by Abdullâh Sultân Shirazi
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3rd Great Khan of the Mongol Empire | |||||||||
Reign | 24 August 1246 – 20 April 1248 | ||||||||
Coronation | 24 August 1246 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Ögedei Khan | ||||||||
Successor | Möngke Khan | ||||||||
Born | 19 March 1206 | ||||||||
Died | 20 April 1248 (aged 42) Qum-Senggir, Xinjiang |
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Spouse | Oghul Qaimish | ||||||||
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House | Borjigin | ||||||||
Father | Ögedei Khan | ||||||||
Mother | Töregene |
Posthumous name | |
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Emperor Jianping (簡平皇帝, posthumously given in 1266) | |
Temple name | |
Dingzong (定宗, posthumously given in 1266) |
Güyük (or Kuyuk; Mongolian: Гүюг хаан, translit. Güyug khaan Middle Mongol: ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ, güyüg qaγan) (c. March 19, 1206 – April 20, 1248) was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He reigned from 1246 to 1248.
Güyük received military training and served as an officer under Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He married Oghul Qaimish of the Merkit clan. In 1233, Güyük, along with his maternal cousin Alchidai and the Mongol general Tangghud, conquered the short-lived Dongxia Kingdom of Puxian Wannu, who was a rebellious Jin official, in a few months. After the death of Tolui, Ögedei proposed that Sorghaghtani, the widow of Tolui, marry his son Güyük. Sorghaghtani declined, saying that her prime responsibility was to her own sons.
Güyük participated in the invasion of Russia and Central Europe in 1236–1241 with other Mongol princes, including his cousin Batu and half-brother Kadan. He led his corps in the Siege of Ryazan and the lengthy siege of the Ossetian capital Maghas. During the course of the conquest, Güyük quarreled violently with Batu at the victory banquet and screamed at him, "Batu is just an old woman with a quiver". Güyük and Büri, a grandson of Chagatai, stormed out of the banquet and rode away swearing and cursing. When word reached the Great Khan, they were recalled for a time to Mongolia. Ögedei refused to see them and threatened to have his son Güyük executed. Ögedei calmed down and finally admitted Güyük into his ger. Ögedei criticized Güyük, "Do you think that the Russians surrendered because how mean you were to your own men. ...Because you captured one or two warriors, you think that you won the war. But you didn't capture even a single kid goat." Ögedei reprimanded his son harshly for fighting within the family and for mistreating his soldiers. Güyük was dispatched again to Europe.