Republic of Madagascar |
|
---|---|
Location of Madagascar (dark blue)
– in Africa (light blue & dark grey) |
|
Capital and largest city |
Antananarivo 18°55′S 47°31′E / 18.917°S 47.517°E |
Official languages | |
Ethnic groups (2004) | |
Demonym | Malagasy, Madagascan |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic |
Hery Rajaonarimampianina | |
Olivier Solonandrasana | |
Legislature | Parliament |
Senate | |
National Assembly | |
Independence | |
• from France
|
26 June 1960 |
17 November 2010 | |
Area | |
• Total
|
587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) (47th) |
• Water
|
5,501 km2 (2,124 sq mi) |
• Water (%)
|
0.9% |
Population | |
• 2016 estimate
|
24,430,325 (52nd) |
• 1993 census
|
12,238,914 |
• Density
|
35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi) (174th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
• Total
|
$40.055 billion |
• Per capita
|
$1,563 |
GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
• Total
|
$10.372 billion |
• Per capita
|
$405 |
Gini (2010) | 44.1 medium |
HDI (2015) |
0.512 low · 158th |
Currency | Malagasy ariary (MGA) |
Time zone | EAT (UTC+3) |
• Summer (DST)
|
not observed (UTC+3) |
Drives on the | right |
Calling code | +261 |
ISO 3166 code | MG |
Internet TLD | .mg |
– in Africa (light blue & dark grey)
– in the African Union (light blue)
Madagascar (/ˌmædəˈɡæskər/; Malagasy: Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara [republiˈkʲan madaɡasˈkʲarə̥]; French: République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian peninsula around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.