Exercise Malabar

Exercise Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise involving the United States, Japan and India as permanent partners. Originally a bilateral exercise between India and the United States, Japan became a permanent partner in 2015. Past non-permanent participants are Australia and Singapore. The annual Malabar series began in 1992 and includes diverse activities, ranging from fighter combat operations from aircraft carriers through Maritime Interdiction Operations Exercises.

Three exercises were conducted before 1998, when the Americans suspended exercises after India tested nuclear weapons. However, the United States renewed military contacts following the September 11 attacks when India joined President George W Bush's campaign against international terrorism.

In 2002, the exercises comprised basic passing maneuvers among naval vessels, anti-submarine exercises and replenishment-at-sea drills.

In 2003, US warships USS Fitzgerald (DDG-62) and USS Chosin (CG-65); US submarine USS Pasadena (SSN-752); Indian guided missile frigates INS Brahmaputra and INS Ganga; Indian submarine INS Shalki and aircraft conducted anti-submarine warfare tactics.

In 2004, Malabar participants included advanced assets like the USS Paul F. Foster (DD-964), USS Alexandria (SSN-757), a Los Angeles-class submarine, US Navy P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft, and the SH-60B Seahawk LAMPS MKIII helicopter. This enabled both navies to engage in submarine familiarization exercises, a key capability for anti-submarine warfare collaboration.

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