Empress Xiaoyiren
| Empress Xiaoyiren | |||||
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| Empress Consort of the Qing dynasty | |||||
| Tenure | 23 August 1689 – 24 August 1689 | ||||
| Born | Unknown | ||||
| Died | 24 August 1689 | ||||
| Burial | November 1689 Jingling Mausoleum, Eastern Qing tombs, China |
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| Spouse | Kangxi Emperor | ||||
| Issue | Unnamed daughter | ||||
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| House |
Tunggiya (by birth) Aisin Gioro (by marriage) |
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| Father | Tong Guowei | ||||
| Mother | Lady Hešeri | ||||
| Posthumous name | |
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| Empress Xiaoyi Wencheng Duanren Xianmu Heke Cihui Fengtian Zuosheng Ren (孝懿溫誠端仁憲穆和恪慈惠奉天佐聖仁皇后) |
| Empress Xiaoyiren | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
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| Chinese | 孝懿仁皇后 | ||||||
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| Lady Tunggiya | |||||||
| Chinese | 佟佳氏 | ||||||
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| Manchu name | |||||||
| Manchu script | ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡠᠵᡠᡵᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ | ||||||
| Romanization | hiyoošungga fujurungga gosin hūwangheo | ||||||
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàoyìrén Huánghòu |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Tóngjiā Shì |
Empress Xiaoyiren (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Fujurangga Gosin Hūwanghu; died 24 August 1689) was the third Empress Consort of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty.
Empress Xiaoyiren was born in the Manchu Tunggiya clan. Her personal name is not recorded in history. She was a maternal cousin of the Kangxi Emperor. Her grandfather, Tong Tulai (佟圖賴; 1606–1658), was the father of Empress Xiaokangzhang, the Kangxi Emperor's mother. Her father, Tong Guowei (佟國維; died 1719), served as a minister of internal security (領侍衛內大臣) and held the title of a first class duke. Her mother was from the Hešeri clan. Lady Tunggiya had a younger sister, who later also became a consort of the Kangxi Emperor and is known by her title "Imperial Noble Consort Quehui" (愨惠皇貴妃).
It is not known when Lady Tunggiya entered the Forbidden City and became a consorts of the Kangxi Emperor. She was first mentioned in official histories in 1677 when the Kangxi Emperor granted ranks and titles to his consorts. Lady Tunggiya received the rank of Noble Consort. As she was the only one among the emperor's consorts to hold that rank, she did not receive a title to distinguish her from the other consorts.
In 1678, the Kangxi Emperor's second empress consort, Empress Xiaozhaoren, died so there was no one to take charge of the emperor's harem. Lady Tunggiya was put in charge and became the acting Empress. In the same year, another concubine of the Kangxi Emperor gave birth to a son, Yinzhen. Traditionally, the Empress was tasked with overseeing the upbringing of all the Emperor's children, regardless of whether or not she was their birth mother. Since Lady Tunggiya was the most senior among all the Kangxi Emperor's consorts at the time, she was tasked with raising Yinzhen.
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Wikipedia