Empress Xiaohuizhang | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Empress Consort of the Qing dynasty | |||||
Tenure | 1654–1661 | ||||
Predecessor | Demoted Empress | ||||
Successor | Empress Xiaochengren | ||||
Empress Dowager of the Qing dynasty | |||||
Tenure | 1661–1718 | ||||
Predecessor |
Empress Xiaoduanwen (1643–1649) Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1643–1661) |
||||
Successor | Empress Xiaogongren | ||||
Born | 5 November 1641 | ||||
Died | 7 January 1718 Forbidden City, Beijing, China |
(aged 76)||||
Burial | Eastern Qing tombs, China | ||||
Spouse | Shunzhi Emperor | ||||
|
|||||
House |
Borjigit (by birth) Aisin Gioro (by marriage) |
||||
Father | Jorji |
Posthumous name | |
---|---|
Empress Xiaohui Renxian Duanyi Cishu Gong'an Chunde Shuntian Yisheng Zhang (孝惠仁憲端懿慈淑恭安純德順天翼聖章皇后) |
Empress Xiaohuizhang | |||||||
Chinese name | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese | 孝惠章皇后 | ||||||
|
|||||||
Lady Borjigit | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 博爾濟吉特氏 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 博尔吉济特氏 | ||||||
|
|||||||
Manchu name | |||||||
Manchu script | ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡠᠯᡝᡥᡠᠨ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠮᠪᡠᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ | ||||||
Romanization | hiyoošungga fulehun eldembuhe hūwangheo |
Transcriptions | |
---|---|
Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàohuìzhāng Huánghòu |
Transcriptions | |
---|---|
Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Bóěrjíjìtè Shì |
Empress Xiaohuizhang (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Fulehun Eldembuhe Hūwanghu; 5 November 1641 – 7 January 1718) was the second Empress Consort of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty.
Empress Xiaohuizhang was a Khorchin Mongol by birth and was from the Borjigit clan, the clan of Genghis Khan. Her personal name was not recorded in history. Her grandfather, Manzhuxili (滿珠習禮), held the title of a jasagh-chin-wang. Her grandaunt was Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor. Her father, Jorji (綽爾濟), initially held the title of a zhenguo gong and was later promoted to beile. She had an elder brother, Eji'er (鄂緝爾), who inherited their father's beile title. Her younger sister was also a consort of the Shunzhi Emperor, and was known by her title "Consort Shuhui" (淑惠妃).
In 1653, the Shunzhi Emperor deposed his first empress consort, who was also from the Borjigit clan, and demoted her from the rank of Empress to Consort. A year later, the Lady Borjigit that would become Empress Xiaohuizhang entered the Forbidden City and became a concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor. One month later, she was officially designated as the Empress to replace the deposed Lady Borjigit. However, the Shunzhi Emperor showed little interest in his new empress consort because he favoured Consort Donggo more than any other consort of his. Some historians believe that the Shunzhi Emperor made Empress Xiaohuizhang his new empress consort because he wanted to reduce tensions between the Aisin Gioro and Borjigit clans after demoting his first empress consort. The Aisin Gioro and Borjigit clans had a long history of political marriages, so the emperor had to choose a Borjigit woman to be his empress consort in order to keep up with tradition.