Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
| Empress Xiaozhuangwen | |||||||||
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| Empress Dowager of the Qing dynasty | |||||||||
| Tenure | 1643–1662 | ||||||||
| Successor | Empress Xiaohuizhang | ||||||||
| Grand Empress Dowager of the Qing dynasty | |||||||||
| Tenure | 1662–1688 | ||||||||
| Successor | Empress Xiaoqinxian | ||||||||
| Born | 28 March 1613 | ||||||||
| Died | 27 January 1688 (aged 74) Beijing, China |
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| Burial | Zhaoling Mausoleum, Shenyang, Liaoning, China | ||||||||
| Spouse | Hong Taiji | ||||||||
| Issue | Gurun Princess Yongmu Gurun Princess Shuhui Gurun Princess Duanxian Fulin, the Shunzhi Emperor |
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| House |
Borjigin (by birth) Aisin Gioro (by marriage) |
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| Father | Jaisang | ||||||||
| Full name | |
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| Borjigit Bumbutai (博爾濟吉特·布木布泰) |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Empress Xiaozhuang Renxuan Chengxian Gongyi Zhide Chunhui Yitian Qisheng Wen (孝莊仁宣誠憲恭懿至德純徽翊天啟聖文皇后) |
| Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 孝莊太后 | ||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 孝庄太后 | ||||||
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| Empress Xiaozhuangwen | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 孝莊文皇后 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 孝庄文皇后 | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàozhuāng Tàihòu |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xiàozhuāngwén Huánghòu |
Empress Xiaozhuangwen (Manchu: ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᡳᠩᡤᡡ ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᡧᡠ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ Hiyoošungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenšu Hūwanghu; 28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), personal name Bumbutai (Manchu: ᠪᡠᠮᠪᡠᡨᠠᡳ), better known as Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, was a consort of Hong Taiji, the second ruler of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Born in the Mongol Borjigit clan, she was the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor and grandmother of the Kangxi Emperor. As Empress Dowager and Grand Empress Dowager during the reigns of her son and grandson respectively, she had significant influence in the Qing imperial court and was highly respected for her political wisdom and insight. Although she never held the rank of Empress during Hong Taiji's reign, she was eventually posthumously honoured as an Empress.
Bumbutai was a Khorchin Mongol by birth and was from the Borjigit clan, the clan of Genghis Khan. Her father, Jaisang (寨桑), was a beile of the Khorchin Mongols and a descendant of Qasar, a younger brother of Genghis Khan.
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