Emperor Zhang of Han China
| Emperor Zhang of Han | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 漢章帝 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 汉章帝 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | The Honored Emperor of Han | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 劉炟 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 刘炟 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | (personal name) | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Hàn Zhāngdì |
| Wade–Giles | Han Chang-ti |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Hon Jēung-dai |
| Jyutping | Hon3 Zoeng1 dai3 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Hàn Tsiong-tè |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Liú Dá |
| Wade–Giles | Liu Ta |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Làuh Tat |
| Jyutping | Lau4 Tat3 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Lâu Tat |
Emperor Zhang of Han (Chinese: 漢章帝; pinyin: Hàn Zhāng Dì; Wade–Giles: Han Chang-ti; 57–88) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 75 to 88. He was the third emperor of the Eastern Han.
Emperor Zhang was a hardworking and diligent emperor. He reduced taxes and paid close attention to all affairs of state. Zhang also reduced government spending as well as promoted Confucianism. As a result, Han society prospered and its culture flourished during this period. Along with his father Emperor Ming, Emperor Zhang's reign has been highly praised and was regarded as the golden age of the Eastern Han period, and their reigns are collectively known as the Rule of Ming and Zhang.
During his reign, Chinese troops under the leadership of General Ban Chao, progressed far west while in pursuit of Xiongnu insurgents harassing the trade routes now collectively known as the Silk Road.
The Eastern Han Dynasty, after Emperor Zhang, would be plagued with internal strife between royal factions and eunuchs struggling for power. The people for the coming century and a half would yearn for the good days of Emperors Ming and Zhang. (However, part of the strife came from the power obtained by consort clans – and the precedent was set by Emperor Zhang's bestowing of power on both his adoptive mother Empress Dowager Ma's clan and his wife Empress Dou's clan.)
Then-Prince Da was born to then-Crown Prince Liu Zhuang and one of his consorts, Consort Jia, in 57. As Crown Prince Zhuang's favorite, Consort Ma – Consort Jia's aunt (her mother's sister) – had no sons, at Crown Prince Zhuang's instruction, Consort Ma adopted Prince Da as her own son. Prince Da therefore grew up considering Consort Ma as his mother, and while he clearly knew that Consort Jia was his birth mother, he never treated her as mother.
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