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Emperor Xuānzong of Tang

Tang Xuanzong
Tang XianZong.jpg
Emperor of Tang Dynasty
Reign 8 September 712 – 12 August 756
Predecessor Emperor Ruizong
Successor Emperor Suzong
Born (685-09-08)8 September 685
Died 3 May 762(762-05-03) (aged 76)
Empress Empress Wang
Empress Zhenshun
Empress Yuanxian (Consort Yang Guipin, posthumously promoted and renamed)
Concubine Consort Yang Guifei and others
Issue Li Cong, Emperor Fengtian
Li Ying, Crown Prince
Li Heng, Emperor Suzong
Li Yan, Prince of Di
Li Yao, Prince of E
Li Wan, Crown Prince Jinggong
Li Ju, Prince of Guang
Li Yi, Prince Dao of Xia
Li Sui, Prince of Yi
Li Jiao, Prince of Ying
Li Min, Prince Ai of Huai
Li Lin, Prince of Yong
Li Mao, Prince of Shou
Li Bin, Prince of Yan
Li Qi, Prince of Sheng
Li Huan, Prince of Ji
Li Huang, Prince of Xin
Li Ci, Prince of Yi
Li Gui, Prince of Chen
Li Gong, Prince of Feng
Li Tian, Prince of Heng
Li Xuan, Prince of Liang
Li Jing, Prince Ai of Bian
and 29 daughters
Full name
Family name: Lǐ (李)
Given name: Longji (隆基)
Era dates
Xiāntiān (先天) 712–713
Kāiyuán (開元) 713–741
Tiānbǎo (天寶) 742–756
Posthumous name
Short: Emperor Ming (明皇)
Full: Emperor Zhidao Dasheng Daming Xiao (至道大聖大明孝皇帝)
Temple name
Xuánzōng (玄宗)
House Tang (唐)
Father Emperor Ruizong of Tang
Mother Consort Dou
Full name
Family name: Lǐ (李)
Given name: Longji (隆基)
Era dates
Xiāntiān (先天) 712–713
Kāiyuán (開元) 713–741
Tiānbǎo (天寶) 742–756
Posthumous name
Short: Emperor Ming (明皇)
Full: Emperor Zhidao Dasheng Daming Xiao (至道大聖大明孝皇帝)
Temple name
Xuánzōng (玄宗)
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Tang Xuanzong (Chinese characters).svg
"Xuanzong of Tang" in Chinese characters
Chinese 唐玄宗
Literal meaning "Mysterious Ancestor of the Tang"
Tang Minghuang
Chinese 唐明皇
Literal meaning "Bright Emperor of the Tang"
Li Longji
Chinese 李隆基
Literal meaning (personal name)

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (8 September 685 – 3 May 762), also commonly known as Emperor Ming of Tang, personal name Li Longji, also known as Wu Longji (Chinese: 武隆基) from 690 to 705, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 712 to 756CE. His reign of 43 years was the longest during the Tang Dynasty. In the early half of his reign he was a diligent and astute ruler. Ably assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue, he was credited with bringing Tang China to a pinnacle of culture and power.

Emperor Xuanzong, however, was blamed for over-trusting Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and An Lushan during his late reign, with Tang's golden age ending in the Anshi Rebellion. This marked the beginning of the Tang dynasty's decline.

Li Longji was born at the Tang Dynasty eastern capital Luoyang in 685, during the first reign of his father Emperor Ruizong (Li Dan) – but at that time, Emperor Ruizong's mother Empress Dowager Wu (later known as Wu Zetian), not Emperor Ruizong, was in actual control of power as empress dowager and regent. Li Longji was the third son of Emperor Ruizong, and his mother was Emperor Ruizong's concubine Consort Dou, which is a high rank one. In 687, as the emperor's son, he was created the Prince of Chu. It was said that he was handsome as a child, and was talented in music. He had two older brothers – Li Chengqi, born of Emperor Ruizong's wife Empress Liu, and Li Chengyi (李成義), as well as three younger brothers – Li Longfan (李隆範), Li Longye (李隆業), and Li Longti (李隆悌). He has two full younger sisters, Princess Jinxian (金仙公主) and Princess Yuzhen (玉真公主), who later become Taoism nuns.


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