An Lushan
| Anlushan/Roχšan | |||||||||||||
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| Emperor of Yan | |||||||||||||
| Emperor of Yan Dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 5 February 756 – 29 January 757 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | none, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang | ||||||||||||
| Successor | An Qingxu | ||||||||||||
| Born | c. 703 | ||||||||||||
| Died | 29 January 757 (aged 54) | ||||||||||||
| Spouse | Lady Kang Empress Duan |
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| Issue | An Qingzong An Qingxu, Emperor Ai An Qingzhang An Qinghe, Prince of Zheng An Qing'en six other sons |
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| House | Yan | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Lady Ashide | ||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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Family name: Possibly originally Kāng (康), Later Ān (安) Given name: Originally ܪܘܚܫܐܢ Roχšan, "The Luminous", in Sogdian; or, Ālùoshān (阿犖山), Yàluòshān (軋犖山), or, later, Lùshān (祿山), in Chinese transcription. |
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| Era dates | |
| Shèngwǔ (聖武) | |
| Posthumous name | |
| Short: Là (剌) |
An Lushan (simplified Chinese: 安禄山; traditional Chinese: 安祿山; pinyin: Ān Lùshān; c. 703– 29 January 757) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is infamous for the An Lushan Rebellion.
An Lushan was of Sogdian and Göktürk origin, at least by adoption. He rose to prominence defending the northeastern border from the Khitan and other northern threats. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to curry favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and new chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. This animosity between competing powers further was increased by the promotion of Yang Guozhong to Chancellor.
In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, rose in armed revolt, proclaiming himself to be the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan, in the catastrophic An Lushan Rebellion. Viewed as paranoid and dangerous, An Lushan was assassinated in 757 by his own son, An Qingxu, after which the state of Yan continued to spiral into a turmoil that eventually led to its collapse in 763.
An Lushan's mother was a Göktürk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. His original name might have been Aluoshan or Galuoshan, which meant "war" in Old Turkic. His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (安延偃), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (安波至). An Lushan therefore took the name of An. Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713–741 CE, there was a disturbance among the Göktürk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (營州, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning).
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