Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli
| Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli | |
|---|---|
Generalfeldmarschall Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli
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| Born |
12 February 1856 Ancona, Papal States now Ancona, Italy |
| Died | 9 December 1941 (aged 85) Troppau, Reichsgau Sudetenland, Nazi Germany now Opava, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic |
| Buried at | Opava Municipal Cemetery |
| Allegiance |
 Austria-Hungary (to 1918) Czechoslovakia (to 1938) Nazi Germany (1938-1941) |
| Years of service | 1875–1918 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands held | 1st Army Corps Austro-Hungarian 2nd Army Army Group Böhm-Ermolli |
| Battles/wars |
World War I World War II |
| Awards | Pour le Mérite |
Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli (12 February 1856 – 9 December 1941) was an Austrian general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was the head of the Second Army and fought mainly on the front of Galicia during the entire conflict. On 30 October 1940, Böhm-Ermolli was made a German Generalfeldmarschall.
Eduard Böhm was born in the Italian city of Ancona where his father served with a small representative detachment of the Austro-Hungarian army. His father, Georg Böhm (1813–1893), had as a sergeant won a battlefield commission for bravery after the battle of Novara in 1849, been promoted to the rank of major upon his retirement in 1877. He was elevated to hereditary nobility in September 1885. In June 1885, he received permission to attach his wife's (Maria Josepha Ermolli) maiden name to his family name, and hence the family was known as "von Böhm-Ermolli".
Böhm-Ermolli was trained at the cadet academy in St. Pölten and the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt and entered the service on 1 September 1875 as a lieutenant in the dragoons. He served in a variety of line and staff positions, steadily rose through the ranks, being promoted to General of the Cavalry on 1 May 1912 and appointed commanding general of the 1st Army Corps in Kraków.
At the start of World War I, Böhm-Ermolli was given command of the Austrian 2nd Army, which was intended for action on the Serbian front. After the Russian Empire mobilised, the 2nd Army was diverted to the Russian front, where it reinforced the armies of Austria's German ally.
In September 1915 he also became commander of the Army Group Böhm-Ermolli which included the German South Army besides his own Second Army.
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