Edith Stein
| Edith Stein | |
|---|---|
Edith Stein c. 1920
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| Born |
12 October 1891 Breslau (Silesia), Germany (now Wrocław, Poland) |
| Died | 9 August 1942 (aged 50) Auschwitz concentration camp, General Government (Nazi-occupied Poland) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater |
Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität University of Freiburg University of Göttingen |
| Notable work |
|
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Phenomenology |
| Institutions | University of Freiburg |
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Main interests
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Metaphysics, philosophy of mind and epistemology |
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Notable ideas
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Spirituality of the Christian woman |
| St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, OCD | |
|---|---|
| Religious and martyr | |
| Born | Edith Stein |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholicism |
| Beatified | 1 May 1987, Cologne, Germany by Pope John Paul II |
| Canonized | 11 October 1998, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II |
| Feast | 9 August |
| Attributes | Yellow Star of David on a Discalced Carmelite nun's habit, flames, a book |
| Patronage | Europe; loss of parents; converted Jews; martyrs; World Youth Day |
| Controversy | The canonization of a Jewish victim of Auschwitz and the Catholic Church's efforts to convert Jews |
Edith Stein, also known as St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, OCD (German: Teresia Benedicta vom Kreuz, Latin: Teresia Benedicta a Cruce; 12 October 1891 – 9 August 1942), was a German Jewish philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun. She is canonized as a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church.
She was born into an observant Jewish family, but was an atheist by her teenage years. Moved by the tragedies of World War I, in 1915 she took lessons to become a nursing assistant and worked in a hospital for the prevention of disease outbreaks. After completing her doctoral thesis from the University of Göttingen in 1916, she obtained an assistantship at the University of Freiburg.
From reading the works of the reformer of the Carmelite Order, St. Teresa of Jesus, OCD, she was drawn to the Catholic Faith. She was baptized on 1 January 1922 into the Roman Catholic Church. At that point she wanted to become a Discalced Carmelite nun, but was dissuaded by her spiritual mentors. She then taught at a Catholic school of education in Speyer. As a result of the requirement of an "Aryan certificate" for civil servants promulgated by the Nazi government in April 1933 as part of its Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, she had to quit her teaching position.
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