East Pakistani
| East Pakistan | ||||||||||
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পূর্ব পাকিস্তান مشرقی پاکستان |
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| Eastern provincial wing of Pakistan | ||||||||||
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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.svg) |
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| Capital | Dhaka | |||||||||
| Languages | Bengali, Urdu and English | |||||||||
| Government | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1955–1956) Parliamentary democracy under an Islamic republic (1956–1958) Martial law (1958–1962) Presidential republic (1962–1970) Martial law (1970–1971) |
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| Legislature | Legislative Assembly | |||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | One Unit | 14 October 1955 | ||||||||
| • | Surrender of Pakistan | 16 December 1971 | ||||||||
| Area | 147,610 km2 (56,990 sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Pakistani rupee | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Bangladesh
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East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Burma, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal.
East Pakistan was renamed from East Bengal by the One Unit scheme of Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra. The Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 replaced the British monarchy with an Islamic republic. Bengali politician H. S. Suhrawardy served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan between 1956 and 1957. A Bengali bureaucrat Iskandar Mirza became the first President of Pakistan. The 1958 Pakistani coup d'état brought general Ayub Khan to power. Khan replaced Mirza as president and launched a crackdown against pro-democracy leaders. Khan enacted the Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 which ended universal suffrage. By 1966, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman emerged as the preeminent opposition leader in Pakistan and launched the six point movement for autonomy and democracy. The 1969 uprising in East Pakistan contributed to Ayub Khan's overthrow. Another general, Yahya Khan, usurped the presidency and enacted martial law. The 1970 Bhola cyclone was a major natural disaster. In 1970, Yahya Khan organized Pakistan's first federal general election. The Awami League emerged as the single largest party, followed by the Pakistan Peoples Party. The military junta stalled in accepting the results, leading to civil disobedience, the Bangladesh Liberation War and the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. East Pakistan seceded with the help of India.
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