EIF4G

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G (eIF4G) is a protein involved in eukaryotic translation initiation, and is a component of the eIF4F cap binding complex. Orthologs of eIF4G have been studied in multiple species, including humans, yeast, and wheat. However, eIF4G is exclusively found in domain Eukarya, and not in domains Bacteria or Archaea, which do not have capped mRNA. As such, eIF4G structure and function may vary between species, although the human eIF4G 1 has been the focus of extensive studies.

Across species, eIF4G strongly associates with the protein that directly binds the mRNA cap: eIF4E. The eIF4F complex contain eIF4G, eIF4E, and the RNA helicase protein eIF4A).

Within the cell eIF4G is found primarily in the cytoplasm, usually bound to eIF4E; however, it is also found in the nucleus where its function is unknown. It may also to have a role in nonsense-mediated decay.

eIF4G stands for eukaryotic initiation factor 4 gamma (typically gamma is now replaced by G in the literature). It was initially isolated by fractionation, found present in fraction 4 gamma, and was involved in eukaryotic translation initiation.

eIF4G has been found to associate with myriad other proteins besides those of the eIF4F complex, including MNK-1, CBP80, CBP20, PABP, and eIF3. eIF4G also directly binds mRNA and has multiple positively charged regions for this function. Several IRESs also bind eIF4G directly, as do BTE CITEs.

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