Duanfang
| Duanfang | |
|---|---|
Duanfang
|
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| Viceroy of Liangjiang | |
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In office 1906–1909 |
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| Preceded by | Zhou Fu |
| Succeeded by | Zhang Renjun |
| Viceroy of Huguang | |
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In office 1902–1904 |
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| Preceded by | Zhang Zhidong |
| Succeeded by | Zhang Zhidong |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 April 1861 |
| Died | 27 November 1911 (aged 50) Sichuan |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
.svg){kind=small} Qing dynasty
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Duanfang (Chinese: 端方; pinyin: Duānfāng; Wade–Giles: Tuan-fang; 20 April 1861 – 27 November 1911), courtesy name Wuqiao (simplified Chinese: 午桥; traditional Chinese: 午橋; pinyin: Wǔqiáo), was a Manchu politician, educator and collector who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He was a member of the Tohoro (託濶羅 / 托活络) clan and the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners.
Duanfang was actually Han Chinese even though he was under a Manchu banner. Some Han Chinese joined Manchu banners directly, instead of joining the separate Han Chinese banners. Han Chinese in the Manchu banners became Manchucized. The Manchu White Banner were joined by some Zhejiang Han Chinese with the family name Tao who defected to the Manchus towards the end of the Ming dynasty. Their last name was changed to the Manchu sounding "Tohoro". Duanfang was one of their descendants.
The Manchu bannermen typically used their first/personal name to address themselves and not their last name, while Han bannermen used their last name and first in normal Chinese custom. Duanfang followed the Manchu custom.
Duanfang passed the Imperial Examination in 1882 during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, and then served as a yuanwailang (員外郎) before being promoted to langzhong (郎中). He supported the 1898 Hundred Days' Reform, but when it failed, he was protected by Ronglu and Li Lianying and was not implicated. The Qing government established the agriculture, commerce, and trade bureau in Beijing, and Duanfang was placed in charge of the bureau. Empress Dowager Cixi awarded Duanfang with an official cap of the third rank. Duanfang purchased a batch of animals from Germany for the Beijing Zoo.
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