Dong Zhongshu
| Dong Zhongshu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 董仲舒 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Dǒng Zhòngshū | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Dǒng Zhòngshū |
| Wade–Giles | Tung3 Chung4-shu1 |
| IPA | [tʊ̀ŋ ʈʂʊ̂ŋʂú] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Dúng Jùhng-syū |
| Jyutping | Dung2 Zung4-syu1 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Táng Tiōng-soo |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | Túng ɖjùwng-sho |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | Tˤongʔ N-trung-s l̥a |
Dong Zhongshu (Chinese: 董仲舒; Wade–Giles: Tung Chung-shu; 179–104 BC) was a Han Dynasty Chinese scholar. He is traditionally associated with the promotion of Confucianism as the official ideology of the Chinese imperial state.
Dong was born in modern Hengshui, Hebei in 179 BC. His birthplace is associated with Wencheng Township (, now located in Jing Country), so in the Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals (《春秋繁露》) he is once mentioned as Lord Dong of Wencheng (溫城董君).
He entered the imperial service during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han and rose to high office under Emperor Wu of Han. His relationship with the emperor was uneasy though. At one point he was thrown into prison and nearly executed for writings that were considered seditious, and he may have cosmologically predicted the overthrow of the Han Dynasty and its replacement by a Confucian sage, the first appearance of a theme that would later sweep Wang Mang to the imperial throne.
Dong Zhongshu's thought integrated Yin Yang cosmology into a Confucian ethical framework. He emphasised the importance of the Spring and Autumn Annals as a source for both political and metaphysical ideas, following the tradition of the Gongyang Commentary in seeking hidden meanings from its text. He is also considered the originator of the doctrine of Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind, which lays down rules for deciding the legitimacy of a monarch as well as providing a set of checks and balances for a reigning monarch.
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